Availability of results of clinical trials registered on EU Clinical Trials Register: cross sectional audit study.

Objective: To identify the availability of results for trials registered on the European Union Clinical Trials Register (EUCTR) compared with other dissemination routes to understand its value as a results repository.

Design: Cross sectional audit study.

Setting: EUCTR protocols and results sections, data extracted 1-3 December 2020.

Industry ties and evidence in public comments on the FDA framework for modifications to artificial intelligence/machine learning-based medical devices: a cross sectional study.

Objectives: To determine the extent and disclosure of financial ties to industry and use of scientific evidence in comments on a US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulatory framework for modifications to artificial intelligence/machine learning (AI/ML)-based software as a medical device (SaMD).

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting: We searched all publicly available comments on the FDA 'Proposed Regulatory Framework for Modifications to Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning (AI/ML)-Based Software as a Medical Device (SaMD)-Discussion Paper and Request for Feedback' from 2 April 2019 to 8 August 2019.

A Dynamic Compliance Cervix Phantom Robot for Latent Labor Simulation.

Physical simulation systems are commonly used in training of midwifery and obstetrics students, but none of these systems offers a dynamic compliance aspect that would make them more truly representative of cervix ripening. In this study, we introduce a unique soft robot phantom that simulates the cervix softening during the latent labor phase of birth. This proof-of-concept robotic phantom can be dilated by 1 cm and effaced by 35% through the application of a Foley catheter-like loading mechanism.

30 Years of Neurosurgical Robots: Review and Trends for Manipulators and Associated Navigational Systems.

This review provides an examination of contemporary neurosurgical robots and the developments that led to them. Improvements in localization, microsurgery and minimally invasive surgery have made robotic neurosurgery viable, as seen by the success of platforms such as the CyberKnife and neuromate. Neurosurgical robots can now perform specific surgical tasks such as skull-base drilling and craniotomies, as well as pedicle screw and cochlear electrode insertions.

Balloon dilators for labor induction: a historical review.

A number of recent articles attribute the origin of the use of cervical balloon dilation in the induction of labor to either Barnes in the 1860s or Embrey and Mollison in the 1960s. This review examines the historical record and reveals that, based on current practice attribution should rather be made to two contemporaries of Barnes: the Storer and Mattei. More importantly, Storer's warning about the rubber used in dilators was ignored, leading to decades of possibly unnecessary deaths following childbirth.

A simplified cervix model in response to induction balloon in pre-labour.

Background: Induction of labour is poorly understood even though it is performed in 20% of births in the United States. One method of induction, the balloon dilator applied with traction to the interior os of the cervix, engages a softening process, permitting dilation and effacement to proceed until the beginning of active labour. The purpose of this work is to develop a simple model capable of reproducing the dilation and effacement effect in the presence of a balloon.