Recycling Paper-Plastic laminate coffee cups using a Single-Disk Refiner: Energy requirements and recovered fiber quality.

Over 64 billion paper-plastic laminate (PPL) coffee cups are consumed between the United States and Canada annually, the majority accumulating in landfills due to a hydrophobic plastic inner-lining. Recycling can mitigate environmental damage and provide economic value from repurposed products. We found that standard repulping methods were insufficient to separate fiber from plastic due to the low intensity of treatment.

Low consistency refined ligno-cellulose microfibre: an MFC alternative for high bulk, tear and tensile mechanical pulp papers.

Low consistency (LC) refining of (chemi-)thermomechanical pulp (TMP) provides an energy efficient alternative to high consistency refining for pulp property development. However, the benefit of LC refining is often limited by excessive fibre shortening, lower tear strength and a reduction of bulk caused by the refining process. In this study, microfibres produced by LC refining of TMP and kraft pulp fibres were investigated for their reinforcement potential in high freeness mechanical pulp.

Application of human haploid cell genetic screening model in identifying the genes required for resistance to environmental toxicants: Chlorpyrifos as a case study.

Introduction: High-throughput loss-of-function genetic screening tools in yeast or other model systems except in mammalian cells have been implemented to study human susceptibility to chemical toxicity. Here, we employed a newly developed human haploid cell (KBM7)-based mutagenic screening model (KBM7-mu cells) and examined its applicability in identifying genes whose absence allows cells to survive and proliferate in the presence of chemicals.

Methods: KBM7-mu cells were exposed to 200 μM Chlorpyrifos (CPF), a widely used organophosphate pesticide, a dose causing approximately 50% death of cells after 48h of treatment.

Elevation of retinyl ester level in the lungs of rats following repeated intraperitoneal injections of retinoic acid or retinoyl glucuronide.

Retinoic acid (RA) is involved in the development of both the conducting airway and alveolar portions of the lung. RA plays a key role in the induction of the formation of alveolar septa. Retinoyl beta-glucuronide (RAG), an endogenous retinoid, acts like RA, but is much less cytotoxic.

Intestinal absorption and metabolism of retinoyl beta-glucuronide in humans, and of 15-[14C]-retinoyl beta-glucuronide in rats of different vitamin A status.

In order to prove the hypothesis that humans and animals with adequate vitamin A status do not absorb and metabolize orally administered all-trans retinoyl beta-glucuronide, unlabeled retinoyl glucuronide (0.1 mmol) was orally dosed to fasting well-nourished young men. Neither retinoyl glucuronide nor retinoic acid, a possible metabolite, appeared in the blood within 12 h after ingestion.

Pharmacokinetics of all-trans retinoyl beta-glucuronide in rats following intraperitoneal and oral administration.

The purpose of this study was to examine the pharmacokinetics of a single dose (6.3 mumol, 3 mg) of all-trans retinoyl beta-glucuronide (RAG), when given either orally in corn oil or by intraperitoneal (i.p.

Repeated intravenous doses of all-trans-retinoyl beta-D-glucuronide is not effective in the treatment of bacterial bronchopneumonia in lambs but is devoid of gross and acute toxicity.

Background: All-trans-retinoyl beta-D-glucuronide, a water-soluble glucuronic acid conjugate of all-trans-retinoic acid, has demonstrated high biological activity and low toxicity in most in vitro and in vivo models. Since the reparative effects of retinoids on epithelium are well-known, our aim was to study the effect(s) of intravenously-administered all-trans-retinoyl beta-D-glucuronide in lambs with chronic bacterial bronchopneumonia.

Material/methods: Two groups of lambs were inoculated intrabronchially with either pyrogen-free saline or Mannheimia haemolytica.

Comparative histologic effects of daily topical application of creams containing all-trans-retinoic acid or all-trans-retinoyl beta-glucuronide on pig skin.

The efficacy of all-trans-retinoic acid (tRA) and all-trans-retinoyl beta-glucuronide (RAG), a water-soluble metabolite of vitamin A, in the topical treatment of acne is comparable. However, whereas 3.3 mM tRA shows side effects, 3.

Effects of subcutaneously injected graded doses of all-trans retinoic acid and all-trans retinoyl beta-glucuronide on the outcome of pregnancy in Sprague-Dawley rats.

The effects of single subcutaneous injections (s.c.) of graded doses (20, 40, 80, 160, 320, and 480 mumol/kg body weight (BW) of all-trans retinoic acid (RA) and all-trans retinoyl beta-glucuronide (RAG) on day 8.