Zone-wise occupancy schedules developed using Time Use Survey data for building energy performance simulations.

The occupancy profile dataset presented in this study leverages publicly available UK Time Use Survey (TUS) 2014-15 data to evaluate the impact of occupancy on energy consumption at various spatial and temporal scales using multi-scale archetypes. Constructing this occupancy dataset includes conversion, categorisation, extraction and analysis processes. The resulting dataset (in .

Effect of nebuliser and patient interface type on fugitive medical aerosol emissions in adult and paediatric patients.

Background: Open circuit aerosol therapy is associated with the potential for fugitive emissions of medical aerosol. Various nebulisers and interfaces are used in respiratory treatments, including the recent consideration of filtered interfaces. This study aims to quantify fugitive medical aerosols from various nebuliser types, in conjunction with different filtered and non-filtered interfaces.

In vitro model for investigating aerosol dispersion in a simulated COVID-19 patient during high-flow nasal cannula treatment.

The use of high-flow nasal cannula in the treatment of COVID-19 infected patients has proven to be a valuable treatment option to improve oxygenation. Early in the pandemic, there were concerns for the degree of risk of disease transmission to health care workers utilizing these treatments that are considered aerosol generating procedures. This study developed an model to examine the release of simulated patient-derived bioaerosol with and without high-flow nasal cannula at gas flow rates of 30 and 50 L/min.

Fugitive aerosols in the intensive care unit: a narrative review.

The risk of unintended inhalation of fugitive aerosols is becoming a topic of increasing interest in the healthcare arena. These fugitive aerosols may be bioaerosols, generated by the patient themselves through cough or sneeze, or they may be therapeutic medical aerosols, generated by therapeutic medical aerosol generators with the intent of delivery to a specific patient's respiratory tract. This review focus' on therapeutic aerosols in the intensive care unit (ICU) only, those typically generated by nebulisers.

Nebuliser Type Influences Both Patient-Derived Bioaerosol Emissions and Ventilation Parameters during Mechanical Ventilation.

COVID-19 may lead to serious respiratory complications which may necessitate ventilatory support. There is concern surrounding potential release of patient-derived bioaerosol during nebuliser drug refill, which could impact the health of caregivers. Consequently, mesh nebulisers have been recommended by various clinical practice guidelines.

Investigation of Fugitive Aerosols Released into the Environment during High-Flow Therapy.

Background: Nebulised medical aerosols are designed to deliver drugs to the lungs to aid in the treatment of respiratory diseases. However, an unintended consequence is the potential for fugitive emissions during patient treatment, which may pose a risk factor in both clinical and homecare settings.

Methods: The current study examined the potential for fugitive emissions, using albuterol sulphate as a tracer aerosol during high-flow therapy.

Investigation of the Quantity of Exhaled Aerosols Released into the Environment during Nebulisation.

Background: Secondary inhalation of medical aerosols is a significant occupational hazard in both clinical and homecare settings. Exposure to fugitive emissions generated during aerosol therapy increases the risk of the unnecessary inhalation of medication, as well as toxic side effects.

Methods: This study examines fugitively-emitted aerosol emissions when nebulising albuterol sulphate, as a tracer aerosol, using two commercially available nebulisers in combination with an open or valved facemask or using a mouthpiece with and without a filter on the exhalation port.