Disproportionality analysis of adverse neurological and psychiatric reactions with the ChAdOx1 (Oxford-AstraZeneca) and BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) COVID-19 vaccines in the United Kingdom.

Background: Information on neurological and psychiatric adverse events following immunization (AEFIs) with COVID-19 vaccines is limited.

Research Design & Methods: We examined and compared neurological and psychiatric AEFIS reports related to BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) and ChAdOx1 (Oxford-AstraZeneca) COVID-19 vaccines and recorded in the United Kingdom Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency between 9 December 2020 and 30 June 2021.

Results: As of 30 June 2021, 46.

Comorbid disease drives short-term hospitalization outcomes in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Objective: Readmission is used as a quality indicator and is the primary target outcome for disease-modifying therapy (DMT) for multiple sclerosis (MS). However, data on readmissions for patients with MS are limited.

Methods: Using the US Nationwide Readmissions Database, we performed a retrospective cohort study of adults hospitalized for MS in 2014.

Parkinson Disease Associated Differences in Elective Orthopedic Surgery Outcomes: A National Readmissions Database Analysis.

Background: Advances in the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) have allowed for improvements in mortality and quality survival, making the management of comorbid conditions of aging, such as osteoarthritis, crucial.

Objective: To determine the extent to which PD impacts hospitalization outcomes after an elective orthopedic procedure.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study used data from the National Readmissions Database and included adults ages 40 and above with and without PD.

Readmissions After Mechanical Thrombectomy for Acute Ischemic Stroke in the United States: A Nationwide Analysis.

Objective: Mechanical thrombectomy after acute ischemic stroke has been shown to improve clinical outcomes. Data on short-term hospitalization outcomes after thrombectomy are needed. Our objective was to quantify 30- and 90-day readmissions after thrombectomy and identify factors associated with readmissions.

External validation and comparison of two variants of the Elixhauser comorbidity measures for all-cause mortality.

Unlabelled: Assessing prevalent comorbidities is a common approach in health research for identifying clinical differences between individuals. The objective of this study was to validate and compare the predictive performance of two variants of the Elixhauser comorbidity measures (ECM) for inhospital mortality at index and at 1-year in the Cerner Health Facts® (HF) U.S.

Associations between Anticholinergic Burden and Adverse Health Outcomes in Parkinson Disease.

Background: Elderly adults should avoid medications with anticholinergic effects since they may increase the risk of adverse events, including falls, delirium, and cognitive impairment. However, data on anticholinergic burden are limited in subpopulations, such as individuals with Parkinson disease (PD). The objective of this study was to determine whether anticholinergic burden was associated with adverse outcomes in a PD inpatient population.

Trends in inpatient antiparkinson drug use in the USA, 2001-2012.

Purpose: Although therapeutic options and clinical guidelines for Parkinson's disease (PD) have changed significantly in the past 15 years, prescribing trends in the USA remain unknown. The purpose of this population-based cohort study was to examine patterns of inpatient antiparkinson drug use between January 2001 and December 2012 in relation to clinical guideline publication, drug introduction/withdrawal, and emerging safety concerns.

Methods: A total of 16,785 inpatients receiving pharmacological treatment for PD were identified in the Cerner Health Facts database.

Role of reactive oxygen species in the neural and hormonal regulation of the PNMT gene in PC12 cells.

The stress hormone, epinephrine, is produced predominantly by adrenal chromaffin cells and its biosynthesis is regulated by the enzyme phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT). Studies have demonstrated that PNMT may be regulated hormonally via the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and neurally via the stimulation of the splanchnic nerve. Additionally, hypoxia has been shown to play a key role in the regulation of PNMT.

Protective effects of polyphenolic compounds on oxidative stress-induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cells.

To investigate the beneficial properties associated with polyphenols, we screened 12 polyphenols for their ability to increase the viability of PC12 cells subjected to oxidative stress via CoCl2 and H2O2. Cell viability data demonstrate that 50 micromol/L methyl gallate and 50 micromol/L fisetin significantly increase viability of H2O2-stressed cells. Further, viability data suggest that 100 micromol/L epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) increases basal viability, but has no rescue effect on cells stressed with CoCl2 or H2O2.

Protective effects of methyl gallate on H2O2-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells.

Neurodegenerative disorders are a class of diseases that have been linked to apoptosis induced by elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS activates the apoptotic cascade through mitochondrial dysfunction and damage to lipids, proteins and DNA. Recently, fruit and tea-derived polyphenols have been found to be beneficial in decreasing oxidative stress and increasing overall health.

Covalent arylation of metallothionein by oxidized dopamine products: a possible mechanism for zinc-mediated enhancement of dopaminergic neuron survival.

Metallothioneins are a group of low molecular weight proteins which can be induced upon exposure to metal ions, including Zn(II). These cysteine-rich proteins are believed to have antioxidant-like properties due to their ability to scavenge free radicals with their multiple sulfhydryl groups. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that can form toxic quinone and semi-quinone products in an oxidative environment.