Heterogeneous genetic architectures and evolutionary genomics of prostate cancer in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Men of African descent have the highest prostate cancer (CaP) incidence and mortality rates, yet the genetic basis of CaP in African men has been understudied. We used genomic data from 3,963 CaP cases and 3,509 controls recruited in Ghana, Nigeria, Senegal, South Africa, and Uganda, to infer ancestry-specific genetic architectures and fine-mapped disease associations. Fifteen independent associations at 8q24.

Evidence of Novel Susceptibility Variants for Prostate Cancer and a Multiancestry Polygenic Risk Score Associated with Aggressive Disease in Men of African Ancestry.

Background: Genetic factors play an important role in prostate cancer (PCa) susceptibility.

Objective: To discover common genetic variants contributing to the risk of PCa in men of African ancestry.

Design, Setting, And Participants: We conducted a meta-analysis of ten genome-wide association studies consisting of 19378 cases and 61620 controls of African ancestry.

Testing the generalizability of ancestry-specific polygenic risk scores to predict prostate cancer in sub-Saharan Africa.

Background: Genome-wide association studies do not always replicate well across populations, limiting the generalizability of polygenic risk scores (PRS). Despite higher incidence and mortality rates of prostate cancer in men of African descent, much of what is known about cancer genetics comes from populations of European descent. To understand how well genetic predictions perform in different populations, we evaluated test characteristics of PRS from three previous studies using data from the UK Biobank and a novel dataset of 1298 prostate cancer cases and 1333 controls from Ghana, Nigeria, Senegal, and South Africa.

Validation of a multi-ancestry polygenic risk score and age-specific risks of prostate cancer: A meta-analysis within diverse populations.

Background: We recently developed a multi-ancestry polygenic risk score (PRS) that effectively stratifies prostate cancer risk across populations. In this study, we validated the performance of the PRS in the multi-ancestry Million Veteran Program and additional independent studies.

Methods: Within each ancestry population, the association of PRS with prostate cancer risk was evaluated separately in each case-control study and then combined in a fixed-effects inverse-variance-weighted meta-analysis.

Impact of Diabetes Foot Care Education on Amputation Rate in the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Nigeria.

Ulceration of the foot is a major problem for people with diabetes. In a developing country like Nigeria, huge challenge is caused by diabetes foot problems. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of diabetic foot care education of patients and health care staff on the outcome of diabetic foot complications in our hospital.

Text messaging promoting physician-led brief intervention tobacco cessation: A before-and-after study among physicians in three tertiary hospitals in Nigeria.

Physician-led smoking cessation services are suboptimal in Nigeria. This study evaluated a text messaging intervention designed to increase the knowledge and practices of physicians in Nigeria to help smokers quit. Using a pre-post study design, all physicians ( = 946) in 3 tertiary care hospitals located in 3 geopolitical zones in Nigeria were sent 2-3 text messages weekly over a 13-week period to create awareness and improve cessation practices using the "Ask, Advise and Refer" (AAR) model.

A Multi-centre Survey of Acceptability of Newborn Screening for Sickle Cell Disease in Nigeria.

Background Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a major genetic disease that manifests early in life and may lead to significant morbidities. One of the health care services that have been effective in reducing the burden of SCD in developed countries is newborn screening (NBS) followed by pneumococcal vaccines, penicillin prophylaxis, and hydroxyurea treatment. Yet, in sub-Saharan African countries, where about 75% of annual affected babies worldwide are born, NBS programmes are largely unavailable.

Tobacco Cessation Interventions in Tertiary Hospitals in Nigeria: An Audit of Patient Records.

Background: Patient medical records are an objective tool for the systematic identification and treatment of tobacco users. The aim of this study was to assess brief intervention tobacco cessation activities documented by physicians in some select tertiary hospitals in Nigeria.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional descriptive study using information obtained from 1588 randomly selected patient records in six teaching hospitals participating in a study to capacitate physicians to deliver brief advice.

Comparison of microalbuminuria among treatment naïve HIV sero-positive and negative adult clients in Faith Alive Foundation Hospital, Jos.

Background: This study is to determine microalbuminuria in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients before commencement of highly active anti-retroviral treatment (HAART).

Patients And Methods: Consecutive patients with the HIV infection seen in the HIV counselling and testing (HCT) unit of the Faith Alive Foundation Hospital, Jos, and a similar group of healthy uninfected patients were evaluated for renal disease: Urinary albumin and urinary creatinine were analysed.

Results: Of the 200 patients with HIV infection and 100 uninfected controls studied, increased urinary albumin excretion (UAE) was present in 39 (19.

Knowledge and attitudes towards cervical cancer and human papillomavirus: a Nigerian pilot study.

This study aimed to ascertain the knowledge and attitudes of urban and rural dwellers to cervical cancer and HPV in Gwagwalada Area Council of Nigeria. 400 participants aged 15-45 years were selected from Gwagwalada town and the adjourning Giri village to respond to a multi-choice-free response questionnaire designed to obtain information on respondents' biodata, knowledge of STIs, human papilloma virus and cervical cancer, health and communication resources in their communities. This was supplemented by focus group discussions among religious and tribal groups within the urban and rural communities.