Motile cilia modulate neuronal and astroglial activity in the zebrafish larval brain.

The brain uses a specialized system to transport cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), consisting of interconnected ventricles lined by motile ciliated ependymal cells. These cells act jointly with CSF secretion and cardiac pressure gradients to regulate CSF dynamics. To date, the link between cilia-mediated CSF flow and brain function is poorly understood.

Navigating Awareness and Strategies to Support Dementia Advocacy on Social Media During World Alzheimer's Month: Infodemiology Study.

Background: Understanding advocacy strategies is essential to improving dementia awareness, reducing stigma, supporting cognitive health promotion, and influencing policy to support people living with dementia. However, there is a dearth of evidence-based research on advocacy strategies used to support dementia awareness.

Objective: This study aimed to use posts from X (formerly known as Twitter) to understand dementia advocacy strategies during World Alzheimer's Awareness Month in September 2022.

Eye-Rubbing Detection Tool Using Artificial Intelligence on a Smartwatch in the Management of Keratoconus.

Purpose: Eye rubbing is considered to play a significant role in the progression of keratoconus and of corneal ectasia following refractive surgery. To our knowledge, no tool performs an objective quantitative evaluation of eye rubbing using a device that is familiar to typical patients. We introduce here an innovative solution for objectively quantifying and preventing eye rubbing.

Kinematic versus mechanical alignment: A systematic review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to review the currently available systematic reviews and meta-analyses comparing kinematic alignment (KA) and mechanical alignment (MA).

Methods: A literature search was performed to obtain all systematic review and meta-analyses comparing KA to MA that included one or more randomised controlled trials. A total of 18 studies were obtained, three of which were systematic reviews without meta-analysis.

Soft Gripping Fingers Made of Multi-Stacked Dielectric Elastomer Actuators with Backbone Strategy.

Soft grippers, a rapidly growing subfield of soft robotics, utilize compliant and flexible materials capable of conforming to various shapes. This feature enables them to exert gentle yet, if required, strong gripping forces. In this study, we elaborate on the material selection and fabrication process of gripping fingers based on the dielectric elastomer actuation technique.

Orphan Applicants in Orthopedic Surgery: Where Do Allopathic Applicants Without an Affiliated Residency Program Match?

Background  Orthopedic surgery is one of the most competitive specialties to match into a residency. With a plethora of qualified applicants and the subjective nature of matching into any residency program, it can be difficult to accurately assess the chances of successfully matching into orthopedic surgery and the types of programs an applicant will match into. The purpose of this study is to compare the types of programs that students from medical schools with and without home programs match.

Lille Apathy Rating Scale-Patient Version in Stroke Survivors: Psychometric Properties and Diagnostic Accuracy.

Objectives: This study evaluated the factorial structure, psychometric properties, and diagnostic accuracy of the Persian version of the Lille Apathy Rating Scale-Patient version (LARS-P) in stroke survivors.

Participants: This study comprised 105 stroke survivors and 41 healthy controls.

Methods And Setting: Exploratory factor analysis was used to determine the factors of the LARS-P.

Momentary Depressive Feeling Detection Using X (Formerly Twitter) Data: Contextual Language Approach.

Background: Depression and momentary depressive feelings are major public health concerns imposing a substantial burden on both individuals and society. Early detection of momentary depressive feelings is highly beneficial in reducing this burden and improving the quality of life for affected individuals. To this end, the abundance of data exemplified by X (formerly Twitter) presents an invaluable resource for discerning insights into individuals' mental states and enabling timely detection of these transitory depressive feelings.

Occult Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage From a Meckel's Adenocarcinoma: A Diagnostic Dilemma.

Gastrointestinal bleeding from Meckel's diverticulum can be challenging to diagnose. We present a case of a 78-year-old man with painless hematochezia. Despite undergoing standard investigations, the source of bleeding remained elusive until arteriography localized bleeding from Meckel's diverticulum.

Identifying X (Formerly Twitter) Posts Relevant to Dementia and COVID-19: Machine Learning Approach.

Background: During the pandemic, patients with dementia were identified as a vulnerable population. X (formerly Twitter) became an important source of information for people seeking updates on COVID-19, and, therefore, identifying posts (formerly tweets) relevant to dementia can be an important support for patients with dementia and their caregivers. However, mining and coding relevant posts can be daunting due to the sheer volume and high percentage of irrelevant posts.

Improved ACOM pattern matching in 4D-STEM through adaptive sub-pixel peak detection and image reconstruction.

The technique known as 4D-STEM has recently emerged as a powerful tool for the local characterization of crystalline structures in materials, such as cathode materials for Li-ion batteries or perovskite materials for photovoltaics. However, the use of new detectors optimized for electron diffraction patterns and other advanced techniques requires constant adaptation of methodologies to address the challenges associated with crystalline materials. In this study, we present a novel image-processing method to improve pattern matching in the determination of crystalline orientations and phases.

Comparing chemical transfection, electroporation, and lentiviral vector transduction to achieve optimal transfection conditions in the Vero cell line.

Background: Transfection is an important analytical method for studying gene expression in the cellular environment. There are some barriers to efficient DNA transfection in host cells, including circumventing the plasma membrane, escaping endosomal compartmentalization, autophagy, immune sensing pathways, and translocating the nuclear envelope. Therefore, it would be very useful to introduce an optimum transfection approach to achieve a high transfection efficiency in the Vero cell line.

Prevalence of retinal pathologies in people over 60 years: the Tehran Geriatrics Eye Study.

Aim: To determine the prevalence of some retinal pathologies in people over 60y and their association with demographic and ocular factors.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Tehran using multistage cluster sampling. After selecting subjects aged 60 and over, optometric, and ophthalmic examinations were done.

Cybersecurity on a budget: Evaluating security and performance of open-source SIEM solutions for SMEs.

The proliferation of cyber threats necessitates robust security measures to safeguard critical assets and data in today's evolving digital landscape. Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), which are the backbone of the global economy are particularly vulnerable to these threats due to inadequate protection for critical and sensitive information, budgetary constraints, and lack of cybersecurity expertise and personnel. Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) systems have emerged as pivotal tools for monitoring, detecting, and responding to security incidents.

Early induction of cytokine release syndrome by rapidly generated CAR T cells in preclinical models.

Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) is a significant side-effect of conventional chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy. To facilitate patient accessibility, short-term (st) CAR T cells, which are administered to patients only 24 h after vector exposure, are in focus of current investigations. Their impact on the incidence and severity of CRS has been poorly explored.

Soft octopus-inspired suction cups using dielectric elastomer actuators with sensing capabilities.

Bioinspired and biomimetic soft grippers are rapidly growing fields. They represent an advancement in soft robotics as they emulate the adaptability and flexibility of biological end effectors. A prominent example of a gripping mechanism found in nature is the octopus tentacle, enabling the animal to attach to rough and irregular surfaces.

Utility and limitations of EEG in the diagnosis and management of -related pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy. A retrospective observational study.

Purpose: Pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy due to variants (PDE-ALDH7A1) is a rare disorder, presenting typically with severe neonatal, epileptic encephalopathy. Early diagnosis is imperative to prevent uncontrolled seizures. We have explored the role of EEG in the diagnosis and management of PDE.

Effect of Passaging on Bovine Chondrocyte Gene Expression and Engineered Cartilage Production.

Tissue engineering strategies show great potential for repairing osteochondral defects in osteoarthritic joints; however, these approaches often rely on passaging cells multiple times to obtain enough cells to produce functional tissue. Unfortunately, monolayer expansion culture causes chondrocyte dedifferentiation, which is accompanied by a phenotypical and morphological shift in chondrocyte properties that leads to a reduction in the quality of cartilage produced. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate transcriptional variations during expansion culture and determine how differences in cell phenotype from monolayer expansion alter development of functional engineered cartilage.

The association between visual impairment and mental disorders.

To determine the association between visual impairment (VI) and some mental disorders using the general health questionnaire (GHQ) in individuals aged 60 years and above in Tehran, Iran. The present population-based cross-sectional study was conducted on people aged 60 and older in Tehran, Iran using multi-stage cluster sampling. After selecting the samples, examinations including visual acuity measurement, refraction, and slit-lamp biomicroscopy were performed for all participants.