Probiotics, prebiotics, and COVID-19 infection: A review article.

The beneficial live microbes of humans and animals are termed probiotics, and the chemical compounds that improve the growth of probiotics are known as prebiotics. Paraprobiotics and postbiotics refer to dead or inactivated living cells of probiotics and healthful metabolic products that are produced by the living cells of probiotics, respectively. Although the healthful, functional, nutritional, and immune benefits of probiotics and prebiotics are scientifically well established beyond a reasonable doubt, their potential biological roles against COVID-19 infection still warrant further clinical and laboratory investigation.

The novel economical synthesis and antimicrobial activity of a trithiocarbonate derivative.

The compound diethyl 2,2'-(thiocarbonyl-bis(sulfanediyl))-diacetate 4 belongs to the trithiocarbonate class containing a trithiocarbonate function group flanked by ethyl acetate. In this procedure, a novel economic synthesis route to obtain compound 4 is described. This compound proved to possess broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity both in vitro and in vivo, and could be used as a lead compound.

Assessment Techniques to Detect Aspergillus fumigatus in Different Samples of Immunosuppressed Male Western Albino Rats.

Background: There are several conventional, immunological and molecular techniques to diagnose the fungi that cause aspergillosis in biological samples; these methods have some advantages and disadvantages.

Objectives: The current study aimed to evaluate different methods used in identification and diagnosis of fungi causing aspergillosis.

Materials And Methods: Male Western Albino rats were provided by Animal Care Unit at Faculty of Pharmacy, King Saud University.