Effect of Physical Exercise on Cardiac Autonomic Modulation in Hypertensive Individuals: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: Cardiac autonomic dysfunction is associated with hypertension and exercise training (ET) in healthy individuals is found to improve cardiac autonomic modulation (CAM). However, the effects of physical exercise on CAM in hypertensive individuals are under debate.

Objective: The aim of the review is to systematically evaluate the literature on the effects of physical exercise on CAM in hypertensive individuals and analyse comparative differences in the effects of exercise between hypertensive and normotensive individuals.

Reliability and Responsiveness of Endurance Shuttle Walk Test to Estimate Functional Exercise Capacity in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

The endurance shuttle walk test (ESWT) is a simple, acceptable, field-based test first established in 1999 to measure endurance exercise capacity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The aim of this systematic review was to examine the reliability and responsiveness of ESWT in COPD. Of the 791 articles identified through electronic databases, 17 were included in this review.

Effects of inspiratory muscle training in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a common disorder marked by repetitive occurrence of breathing cessation during sleep due to partial or complete upper airway obstruction. An obstructive airway and the successive asphyxia chronically overload the inspiratory muscles resulting in an increased inspiratory effort. The present systematic review aimed to examine the effects of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) on inspiratory muscle strength [maximal inspiratory pressure (PImax)], severity of disease [apnea hypopnoea index (AHI)], sleep quality [Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI)], day time sleepiness [Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS)], lung function [forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV)] and exercise capacity [cardiopulmonary exercise testing, (CPET), 6 minute walk test, (6MWT)] in mild to severe OSA.

Exercise training and cardiac autonomic function following coronary artery bypass grafting: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Exercise training improves cardiac autonomic function is still debatable in patients with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). The aim of the present review is to assess the effect of exercise on CABG patient's heart rate variability (HRV) and heart rate recovery (HRR) parameters.

Main Body: Databases (PubMed, Web of Science and PEDro) were accessed for systematic search from inception till May 2022.

Does inspiratory muscle training provide additional benefits during pulmonary rehabilitation in people with interstitial lung disease? A randomized control trial.

Background: Interstitial lung disease (ILD) encompasses a diverse group of chronic lung conditions which is often characterized by inspiratory muscle weakness (IMW). Despite the potential importance of inspiratory muscle dysfunction in ILD, the effect of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) added to pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) in ILD largely remains unknown.

Objective: The primary objective of the present study was to evaluate the benefits of IMT added to PR on inspiratory muscle strength and secondary objectives were to assess its effects on functional capacity, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), pulmonary function test (PFT) and dyspnea in ILD along with IMW.

Effects of glossopharyngeal insufflation on pulmonary function in cervical cord injury patients.

Study Design: Quasi experimental.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of glossopharyngeal insufflation on pulmonary function in cervical cord injury.

Setting: Indian Spinal Injuries Centre, Vasant Kunj, Delhi, India.

Effect of Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Patients with Asthma COPD Overlap Syndrome: A Randomized Control Trial.

Objectives: We sought to evaluate the effectiveness of six weeks pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) in patients with asthma-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) overlap syndrome (ACOS).

Methods: We enrolled 28 patients with ACOS. Fourteen patients were randomly allocated to the PR group, which comprised of supervised endurance training, supervised resistance training, breathing exercises, self management, and education.

Subclinical inflammation and endothelial dysfunction are linked to cardiac autonomic neuropathy in type 2 diabetes.

Purpose: The present study aimed to examine association between inflammatory and endothelial function biomarkers and indices of cardiac autonomic control in T2DM patients.

Methods: 50 T2DM patients were recruited for this study. For cardiac autonomic function, cardiovascular autonomic reflex tests (CARTs) and heart rate variability (HRV) analysis was performed.

Diagnostic Validity of Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing for Screening Pulmonary Hypertension in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

Purpose: To determine diagnostic validity of cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPX) parameters for detecting pulmonary hypertension (PH) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and to investigate association between CPX parameters and indices of PH.

Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled 48 moderate to very severe COPD patients in whom PH was confirmed by echocardiography. Symptom-limited CPX was performed using an incremental exercise protocol.

Effect of eccentric exercise on markers of muscle damage in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

: Eccentric exercise may be considered as an attractive alternative to conventional exercise in pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, due to muscle damage associated with eccentric exercise, there has been reluctance in using this exercise form in PR.: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of eccentric exercise on markers of muscle damage in patients with COPD.

Electromyographic analysis of upper trapezius, abductor pollicis longus and abductor pollicis brevis during smartphone use in different positions among young male and female subjects.

Background: Smartphone use has increased tremendously in recent times and there are various adverse musculoskeletal consequences associated with its use. Alteration in the activation patterns of muscles in certain positions may be the reason behind the development of musculoskeletal disorders in smartphone users; however, it has not been thoroughly investigated by the existing literature.

Objectives: To investigate the electromyographic (EMG) activity of upper trapezius (UT), abductor pollicis brevis (APB) and abductor pollicis longus (APL) during smartphone use in three different positions (standing, sitting on the chair and sitting cross legged on the floor) in young male versus female subjects.

Comparisons of Neuromuscular Training Versus Quadriceps Training on Gait and WOMAC Index in Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis and Varus Malalignment.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of neuromuscular training (NMT) and quadriceps training (QT) on the altered gait patterns and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis (WOMAC) index in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) and varus malalignment.

Methods: Sixty-six patients with knee pain ≥2 on 100-mm visual analog scale, radiographic knee OA changes ≥2 on Kellgren-Lawrence grading scale, and genu varum were allocated randomly into either the neuromuscular training group or quadriceps training group. Twelve weeks of supervised exercise protocol was given to the participants of both groups, which included 3 sessions per week.

Postural abnormalities in phenotypes of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Background: Few studies have demonstrated postural abnormalities in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease - when compared with healthy individuals. However, none of these studies have compared postural abnormalities in different phenotypes of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Objective: To compare the thoracic posture between two phenotypes of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (emphysema and chronic bronchitis) with healthy individuals.

Diagnostic performance of resting and post-exercise heart rate variability for detecting cardiac autonomic neuropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Background: Post-exercise recovery phase is associated with clustering of various cardiovascular events and, therefore, monitoring of cardiac autonomic control via heart rate variability (HRV) during this phase may allow identification of autonomic alterations that are not evident under resting conditions in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients.

Purpose: To investigate and compare the diagnostic performance of resting and post-exercise HRV for detecting cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) in T2DM patients.

Methods: Forty-two T2DM patients were categorized as CAN-positive and CAN-negative based on standard cardiovascular autonomic reflex tests (CARTs).

Effects of selective strengthening of tibialis posterior and stretching of iliopsoas on navicular drop, dynamic balance, and lower limb muscle activity in pronated feet: A randomized clinical trial.

: Flexibility and strength are compromised in pronated feet, which could in turn lead to alteration of the dynamic balance and muscle activity in the lower extremities. This study aimed to analyze the effects of selective tibialis posterior strengthening and iliopsoas stretching on navicular drop, dynamic balance, and lower limb muscle activity in young adults with pronated feet. : Twenty-eight participants with pronated feet were randomly assigned to either the stretching and strengthening group ( = 14) or the conventional exercise group ( = 14).

Reliability of Electromyographic Assessment of Biceps Brachii and Triceps Brachii in Cricketers.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to determine the intraexaminer and interexaminer reliability of electromyographic assessment of biceps brachii (BB) and triceps brachii (TB) muscles in cricketers.

Methods: Sixteen healthy male cricketers (ages 14-35 years) recruited from Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India were tested on 2 occasions that were held 1 week apart. On the first occasion, only examiner 1 performed the testing; on the second occasion, examiner 1, examiner 2, and examiner 3 all performed testing.

Does resistance training modulate cardiac autonomic control? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: To systematically evaluate the literature on the effects of resistance training (RT) on cardiac autonomic control in healthy and diseased individuals.

Methods: Electronic databases Pubmed, PEDro, and Scopus were systematically searched from their inception up to June 2018. Randomized controlled trials, quasi-experimental trials, and cross-over controlled trials investigating the effect of RT (of at least 4 weeks duration) on cardiac autonomic control assessed either by linear or non-linear measures of heart rate variability (HRV), baroreflex sensitivity, or post-exercise heart rate recovery were included.

A dose-response study of aerobic training for oxygen uptake, oxidative stress and cardiac autonomic function in type 2 diabetes mellitus: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Cardiac autonomic neuropathy is a commonly overlooked complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) characterized by an imbalance between sympathetic and parasympathetic supply to the heart, which contributes to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. T2DM has also been shown to negatively influence oxygen kinetics and increase oxidative stress, which may be linked to the development of various chronic complications. Aerobic training has been reported to improve oxygen uptake, antioxidant defense, and cardiac autonomic function in T2DM; however, the effects of varying doses of exercise on these variables are not known.

Reliability, Validity, and Responsiveness of the Incremental Shuttle Walk Test in Patients With Interstitial Lung Disease.

Purpose: To determine the reliability, validity, and responsiveness of the incremental shuttle walk test (ISWT) in patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD).

Methods: This was a cross-sectional longitudinal study. Patients (n = 27, 10 males; mean age ± SD, 61 ± 9.

Postactivation Potentiation Following Acute Bouts of Plyometric versus Heavy-Resistance Exercise in Collegiate Soccer Players.

Postactivation potentiation is referred to as an acute and temporary enhancement of muscle performance resulting from previous muscle contraction. The purpose of this study was to compare the acute effect of plyometric exercise (PLY) and heavy-resistance exercise (RES) on the blood lactate level (BLa) and physical performance. Fourteen male collegiate soccer players were randomized to perform either RES or PLY first and then crossed over to perform the opposite intervention.

Efficacy of Complementary Therapies in the Quality of Life of Breast Cancer Survivors.

Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer diagnosed in women and the second most common cancer overall, ranking as the fifth cause of death from cancer. The chronicity of the disease produces long-term physiological and psychological manifestations, which adversely affect the quality of life of the individual. The primary treatment while managing cancer presents with various debilitating side effects.

Effect of upper body plyometric training on physical performance in healthy individuals: A systematic review.

Objective: To determine the impact of upper body plyometric training (UBPT) on physical performance parameters such as strength, ball throwing speed, ball throw distance and power in healthy individuals.

Methods: PubMed, Scopus, ResearchGate and ERIC databases were searched up to August 2017. Selection of articles was done if they described the outcomes of an upper body plyometric exercise intervention; included measures of strength, ball throwing speed, ball throw distance, or power; included healthy individuals; used a randomized control trial; and had full text available in English language.

Preconditioning by light-load eccentric exercise is equally effective as low-level laser therapy in attenuating exercise-induced muscle damage in collegiate men.

Background/objective: Previous studies have already reported an independent effect of light-load eccentric exercise (10% eccentric exercise contraction [EEC]) and low-level laser therapy (LLLT) as a protective measure against more strenuous eccentric exercise. However, the difference between these two interventions is largely unknown. Therefore, the present study aimed to compare the preconditioning effect of 10% EEC vs.