β-Adrenergic Stimulation-Induced PVAT Dysfunction in Male Sex: A Role for 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase-1.

Long-term β-adrenoceptor (β-AR) stimulation is a pathological mechanism associated with cardiovascular diseases resulting in endothelial and perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) dysfunction. In this study, we aimed to identify whether β-adrenergic signaling has a direct effect on PVAT. Thoracic aorta PVAT was obtained from male Wistar rats and cultured ex vivo with the β-AR agonist isoproterenol (Iso; 1 µM) or vehicle for 24 hours.