Knowledge and Awareness About Anabolic-Androgenic Steroid Use as a Body Shape Enhancer and Its Side Effects Among Adult Gym Participants in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

Background: Anabolic steroids, often referred to as anabolic-androgenic steroids, are steroidal androgens that include testosterone and other naturally occurring androgens, as well as synthetic androgens that are chemically linked to testosterone and have similar actions.

Material And Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the knowledge and awareness about anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) use and its side effects among adult gym participants in Jeddah. A total of 269 adults fulfilling the inclusion criteria were included.

Awareness of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Among Women in the Al-Baha Region, Saudi Arabia.

Background Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a condition characterized by impaired glucose tolerance that develops during pregnancy. The prevalence of GDM is increasing globally, including in the Al-Baha region of Saudi Arabia. However, there needs to be more data on the awareness of women in this region regarding GDM and its associated risks.

Epidemiology, Risk Factors for Gastric Cancer and Surveillance of Premalignant Gastric Lesions: A Prospective Cohort Study of Central Saudi Arabia.

(1) Background: Saudi Arabia (SA) is a country with a low incidence of gastric cancer (GC). In this study, we sought to assess the epidemiology of GC, its clinicopathological profiles, and its association with risk factors as well as to identify premalignant gastric lesions (PGL) and examine neoplastic progression. (2) Methods: This five-year prospective study screened for GC and PGL in asymptomatic Saudi patients, aged 45-75 years (n = 35,640) and living in Al Kharj, Riyadh province in central SA.

Postpartum Depression Prevalence and Associated Factors: An Observational Study in Saudi Arabia.

: Postpartum depression (PPD) is a psychological disorder in women who recently gave birth. It can present as mild to severe depression. Multiple studies across the globe have used the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale to reveal the factors that affect the prevalence of PPD.

A 5-year evaluation of early-and late-onset sporadic colorectal cancer screening in central Saudi Arabia.

Background: The Al-Kharj colorectal cancer (CRC) screening program was implemented for five years (2017-2022) in a central urban area of Riyadh Province, Saudi Arabia, to assess the participation and impact of the program in average-risk individuals.

Methods: The high sensitivity-guaiac based-fecal occult blood test (HSgFOBT) was used as a first-line investigation to identify asymptomatic patients, aged 45-75 years, requiring CRC screening using colonoscopy. The program was run in three tertiary hospitals in the area.

Combined' Neck/Back Pain and Psychological Distress/Morbidity Among the Saudi Population: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Psychological distress/morbidity is amongst the primary reason for the cause of pain at multiple sites, its progression, and recovery. Though still not very clear if physical pain in the neck or the back may predict psychological morbidities or not. Thus, we investigated the association between combined neck or back pain and psychological distress/morbidity.

Prevalence and characteristics of multivitamin-multimineral (MVMM) use among Saudi populations in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study.

Use of multivitamin multimineral (MVMM) preparations is prevalent and growing worldwide, contributing to major health expenditure. Minimal literature on prevalence and characteristics of MVMM use is available from Saudi Arabia.The study was conducted to determine the prevalence and characteristics of MVMM use among Saudi population in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Association between prehypertension and psychological distress among adults in Saudi Arabia: A population-based survey.

Background: Prehypertension is a precursor to hypertension status. Psychological distress has been identified earlier among hypertensives; however, there is little evidence for the presumptive relationship between prehypertension and psychological distress.

Objective: The study aimed to assess the psychological wellbeing of the Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia population, using the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) and correlating it with prehypertensive patients in the same population.

The association between overweight/obesity and psychological distress: A population based cross-sectional study in Saudi Arabia.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to compare the association between mental well-being between obese (classes 1 and 2), over-weight and non-obese population-based individuals.

Methods: A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia. A total of 1019 Saudi nationals aged ≥ 18 years participated in the survey.

Meaningful professional activities from family medicine practitioners' perspectives: a study from Saudi Arabia.

Background: Family medicine practitioners (FMP) take care of a varied range of patients with undifferentiated conditions over a lifetime. Although it was incepted in Saudi Arabia in 1980, limited data exists on FMP. This paper explores what family physicians deem relevant.

Psychological predictors of chronic pain in Al Kharj region, Saudi Arabia.

Background: Psychological distress is one of the major determinants for the experience progression, and recovery of chronic pain. However, it is unclear whether physical pain in specific body sites could be predictive of psychological illness. In this study, we aim to investigate the link between chronic pain in specific anatomical sites and psychological distress represented in the General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12 items).

The potential of drug-herbal interaction among patients with chronic diseases in Saudi Arabia.

Aims: This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of the potential drug-herbal interaction among patients with chronic diseases in Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia and to explore factors associated with the potential of drug-herbal interaction.

Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted through interview-based questionnaire at outpatient clinics in Al-Kharj. The study included patients with chronic diseases who used herbal products.

The Prevalence of Headache and Associated Factors in Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Only few studies have investigated the prevalence and risk factors of headaches among the Saudi population. The study aimed to estimate the prevalence of headache and to explore its associated risk factors Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia.

Methods: The multistage sampling technique was used to enroll 1200 population-based participants who were asked to complete a self-administered questionnaire about headaches, demographics, and several other parameters such as smoking status and different chronic and psychological illnesses.

Upper gastrointestinal tract involvement in the management of bariatric patients in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Background: Preoperative esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) may affect the management of bariatric patients although this is not consistent universally. The present prospective study evaluated the effect of preoperative EGD findings in obese Saudi patients, including upper digestive symptoms (UDS) and comorbidities, on their planned surgery.

Methods: From January 2018 to May 2019, we conducted a 4-center retrospective observational study to evaluate the endoscopic findings among Saudi patients aged 18-65 years with a body mass index (BMI) >40 kg/m.

Physicians' Perception About Use of Vitamin B12 in the Treatment or Prevention of Diabetic Neuropathy: A Cross-sectional Survey in Saudi Arabia.

Background: Diabetic neuropathy is a condition that is prevalent among type 2 diabetic patients. Some physicians prescribe vitamin B12 or vitamin B complex supplements to improve symptoms, but studies have shown that there is little to no evidence of vitamin B12 being an effective treatment for diabetic neuropathy. Thus, this study aims to investigate local physicians' knowledge and tendency to prescribe vitamin B12 or vitamin B complex for the treatment or prevention of diabetic peripheral neuropathy.

The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia and associated risk factors in Al-Kharj population, Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional survey.

Background: Hypercholesterolemia (HC) is an important precursor to many cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and peripheral vascular diseases. A report conducted by the American Heart Association showed the prevalence of HC to be 11.9%, with around 28.

Effects of the Rome IV Criteria to Functional Dyspepsia Symptoms in Saudi Arabia: Epidemiology and Clinical Practice.

Background/aims: Limited data is available in Saudi Arabia (SA) regarding the prevalence of functional dyspepsia (FD) symptoms and its subtypes, as defined by the ROME IV criteria. This study evaluated the burden of self-reported FD symptoms in the adult general population of SA and the current clinical practices.

Methods: A web-based national cross-sectional health survey of the general population of SA was conducted using the Rome IV Diagnostic Questionnaire for Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders in Adults with additional questions on the presence of symptoms compatible with functional heartburn (FH) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).

The relationship between chronic pain, prehypertension, and hypertension. A population-based cross-sectional survey in Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia.

: Chronic pain and hypertension are highly prevalent in both developing and developed countries. Although they may appear to be two separate phenomena, several studies in developed countries have found them associated at the population level. Studies in developing countries are scarce and association between pain with prehypertension are rarely explored.

Knowledge and Practice of Burn First Aid Among Saudi Arabian Medical and Non-Medical University Students.

Burns are serious injuries, resulting in high morbidity and healthcare costs. Effective first aid improves outcomes. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge and practice of first aid for burn injuries among medical and non-medical students in Saudi Arabia.

SARS-CoV-2 associated COVID-19 in geriatric population: A brief narrative review.

Coronavirus disease 2019 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has emerged as a fatal pandemic and has crushed even the world's best healthcare systems. Globally, it has affected 40,373,228 individuals and resulted in 1,119,568 deaths as of October 19, 2020. Research studies have demonstrated that geriatric population is vastly vulnerable to COVID-19 morbidity and mortality given their age and preexisting chronic comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, chronic pulmonary and chronic kidney disease The data regarding susceptibility of elderly population to COVID-19 is accruing and suggests that factors like age, gender, chronic comorbidity, inflammaging, immunosenescence and renin angiotensin system may be the contributing risk factors towards COVID-19 and associated mortality in elderly population.

Association between Chronic Pain and Diabetes/Prediabetes: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Survey in Saudi Arabia.

Background: Diabetes is a debilitating chronic health condition that is associated with certain pain syndromes. The present study sought to evaluate chronic pain and its association with diabetes mellitus at a population level.

Methods: A population-based cross-sectional questionnaire survey study was conducted in Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia, from January 2016 to June 2016.

Antimicrobial resistance patterns of Uropathogens isolated from adult women with acute uncomplicated cystitis.

Background: To evaluate the antibiotic resistance patterns of uropathogens isolated from adult women with acute community-acquired (CA) uncomplicated cystitis.

Results: Over a one-year period (May 2015-April 2016), the results of susceptibility testing of outpatient midstream urine samples from 5 different laboratories were prospectively evaluated. The study included only adult women with uncomplicated cystitis.

Obesity and childhood asthma in male schoolchildren in Saudi Arabia: Is there a role for leptin, interleukin-4, interleukin-5, and interleukin-21?

Background: Adiposity is associated with high serum levels of adipokines and chemokines which are possibly implicated in a co-existence of obesity and asthma.

Objectives: Elucidate the possible roles of leptin, interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5 and IL-21 in linking obesity with childhood asthma.

Design: Cross-sectional, analytical.

Management of Frailty: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Objective: To analyze and determine the comparative effectiveness of interventions targeting frailty prevention or treatment on frailty as a primary outcome and quality of life, cognition, depression, and adverse events as secondary outcomes.

Design: Systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA).

Methods: Data sources-Relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were identified by a systematic search of several electronic databases including MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and AMED.

Prevalence of Prediabetes, Diabetes and Its Predictors among Females in Alkharj, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background/objective: The prevalence of prediabetes and diabetes is reaching epidemic proportions across the globe. Therefore, this study aims to determine the prevalence of prediabetes and diabetes, together with its accompanying risk factors, among young females.

Methods: An exploratory cross-sectional survey was conducted with 638 Saudi females in Alkharj, Saudi Arabia.