Phenotyping EMT and MET cellular states in lung cancer patient liquid biopsies at a personalized level using mass cytometry.

Malignant pleural effusions (MPEs) can be utilized as liquid biopsy for phenotyping malignant cells and for precision immunotherapy, yet MPEs are inadequately studied at the single-cell proteomic level. Here we leverage mass cytometry to interrogate immune and epithelial cellular profiles of primary tumors and pleural effusions (PEs) from early and late-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, with the goal of assessing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) states in patient specimens. By using the EMT-MET reference map PHENOSTAMP, we observe a variety of EMT states in cytokeratin positive (CK+) cells, and report for the first time MET-enriched CK+ cells in MPEs.

Hearing Loss and Sociodemographic Barriers to Health Care Access Using the All of Us Research Program.

Objective: To explore how gender and low-income status independently influence general health care access in patients with hearing loss.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting: National database.

Otolaryngologic Manifestations of Trisomy 13 and Trisomy 18 in Pediatric Patients.

Objective: The survival rate of patients with trisomy 13 and trisomy 18 has increased dramatically over the past two decades. We sought to comprehensively describe the otolaryngologic clinical characteristics and procedures required for these patients at our institution.

Methods: We performed algorithmic identification of patients with a diagnosis of trisomy 13 and trisomy 18 for whom the otolaryngology service provided inpatient or outpatient care at our institution between the dates of February 1997 and March 2021.

Risk of adenocarcinoma in patients with a suspicious ground-glass opacity: a retrospective review.

Background: Both primary lung adenocarcinoma and benign processes can have a ground-glass opacity (GGO) appearance on imaging. This study evaluated the incidence of and risk factors for malignancy in a diverse cohort of patients who underwent resection of a GGO suspicious for lung cancer.

Methods: All patients who underwent resection of a pulmonary nodule with a GGO component and suspected to be primary lung cancer at a single institution from 2001-2017 were retrospectively reviewed.

Health professions school applicant experiences of discrimination during interviews.

Background: Bias pervades every aspect of healthcare including admissions, perpetuating the lack of diversity in the healthcare workforce. Admissions interviews may be a time when applicants to health profession education programs experience discrimination.

Methods: Between January and June 2021 we invited US and Canadian applicants to health profession education programs to complete a survey including the Everyday Discrimination Scale, adapted to ascertain experiences of discrimination during admissions interviews.

Genomic Profiling of Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid in Lung Cancer.

Unlabelled: Genomic profiling of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples may be useful for tumor profiling and diagnosis in the clinic. Here, we compared tumor-derived mutations detected in BAL samples from subjects with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) to those detected in matched plasma samples. Cancer Personalized Profiling by Deep Sequencing (CAPP-Seq) was used to genotype DNA purified from BAL, plasma, and tumor samples from patients with NSCLC.

Multiomics Analysis of Spatially Distinct Stromal Cells Reveals Tumor-Induced O-Glycosylation of the CDK4-pRB Axis in Fibroblasts at the Invasive Tumor Edge.

Unlabelled: The invasive leading edge represents a potential gateway for tumor metastasis. The role of fibroblasts from the tumor edge in promoting cancer invasion and metastasis has not been comprehensively elucidated. We hypothesize that cross-talk between tumor and stromal cells within the tumor microenvironment results in activation of key biological pathways depending on their position in the tumor (edge vs.

Use of a Personalized Multimedia Education Platform Improves Preoperative Teaching for Lung Cancer Patients.

We sought to develop and evaluate a personalized multimedia education (ME) tool for preoperative patient education to improve patient health knowledge, quality of life and satisfaction with care in thoracic surgery. The ME tool was developed and deployed in outpatient clinic during preoperative teaching for patients undergoing surgical resection for lung cancer for quality improvement. Patients were given an electronic survey prior to preoperative teaching and at initial postoperative visit to assess teaching effectiveness and care satisfaction.

Global analysis of shared T cell specificities in human non-small cell lung cancer enables HLA inference and antigen discovery.

To identify disease-relevant T cell receptors (TCRs) with shared antigen specificity, we analyzed 778,938 TCRβ chain sequences from 178 non-small cell lung cancer patients using the GLIPH2 (grouping of lymphocyte interactions with paratope hotspots 2) algorithm. We identified over 66,000 shared specificity groups, of which 435 were clonally expanded and enriched in tumors compared to adjacent lung. The antigenic epitopes of one such tumor-enriched specificity group were identified using a yeast peptide-HLA A02:01 display library.

Examination of factors associated with lymph node metastases in lung carcinoids: Results from a single institution retrospective cohort study.

Background: Well-differentiated lung neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), also known as typical and atypical carcinoids, have a decreased incidence of lymph node (LN) and distant metastases compared to poorly differentiated lung NETs. We aimed to (i) examine the clinicopathologic features associated with LN involvement in lung carcinoids and (ii) describe the postoperative management of patients with LN metastases.

Methods: We identified 98 patients who underwent surgical resection and lymph node sampling at Stanford University.

Sub-solid lung adenocarcinoma in Asian versus Caucasian patients: different biology but similar outcomes.

Background: Asian and Caucasian patients with lung cancer have been compared in several database studies, with conflicting findings regarding survival. However, these studies did not include proportion of ground-glass opacity or mutational status in their analyses. Asian patients commonly develop sub-solid lung adenocarcinomas that harbor EGFR mutations, which have a better prognosis.

Transcervical Thymectomy Is the Most Cost-Effective Surgical Approach in Myasthenia Gravis.

Background: Extended thymectomy has been proven to improve the course of myasthenia gravis. Retrospective studies demonstrate that several techniques for thymectomy achieve overlapping remission rates. We therefore compared perioperative outcomes and costs among 3 approaches to thymectomy: sternotomy, video and/or robot assisted, and transcervical.

Mapping lung cancer epithelial-mesenchymal transition states and trajectories with single-cell resolution.

Elucidating the spectrum of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) states in clinical samples promises insights on cancer progression and drug resistance. Using mass cytometry time-course analysis, we resolve lung cancer EMT states through TGFβ-treatment and identify, through TGFβ-withdrawal, a distinct MET state. We demonstrate significant differences between EMT and MET trajectories using a computational tool (TRACER) for reconstructing trajectories between cell states.

Bone Marrow and Tumor Radiomics at F-FDG PET/CT: Impact on Outcome Prediction in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Background Primary tumor maximum standardized uptake value is a prognostic marker for non-small cell lung cancer. In the setting of malignancy, bone marrow activity from fluorine 18-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET may be informative for clinical risk stratification. Purpose To determine whether integrating FDG PET radiomic features of the primary tumor, tumor penumbra, and bone marrow identifies lung cancer disease-free survival more accurately than clinical features alone.

Myeloid / KO attenuates pro-inflammatory responses in macrophages and protects against atherosclerosis in a model of advanced lesions.

Cholesterol esters are a key ingredient of foamy cells in atherosclerotic lesions; their formation is catalyzed by two enzymes: acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferases (ACATs; also called sterol acyltransferases, or SOATs) ACAT1 and ACAT2. ACAT1 is present in all body cells and is the major isoenzyme in macrophages. Whether blocking ACAT1 benefits atherosclerosis has been under debate for more than a decade.

A radiogenomic dataset of non-small cell lung cancer.

Medical image biomarkers of cancer promise improvements in patient care through advances in precision medicine. Compared to genomic biomarkers, image biomarkers provide the advantages of being non-invasive, and characterizing a heterogeneous tumor in its entirety, as opposed to limited tissue available via biopsy. We developed a unique radiogenomic dataset from a Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) cohort of 211 subjects.

Efficacy of ONC201 in Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumor.

Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumor (DSRCT) is a rare sarcoma tumor of adolescence and young adulthood, which harbors a recurrent chromosomal translocation between the Ewing's sarcoma gene (EWSR1) and the Wilms' tumor suppressor gene (WT1). Patients usually develop multiple abdominal tumors with liver and lymph node metastasis developing later. Survival is poor using a multimodal therapy that includes chemotherapy, radiation and surgical resection, new therapies are needed for better management of DSRCT.

Intraoperative costs of video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy can be dramatically reduced without compromising outcomes.

Objective: To determine whether surgeon selection of instrumentation and other supplies during video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy (VATSL) can safely reduce intraoperative costs.

Methods: In this retrospective, cost-focused review of all video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery anatomic lung resections performed by 2 surgeons at a single institution between 2010 and 2014, we compared VATSL hospital costs and perioperative outcomes between the surgeons, as well as costs of VATSL compared with thoracotomy lobectomy (THORL).

Results: A total of 100 VATSLs were performed by surgeon A, and 70 were performed by surgeon B.

Clinical Activity of Pazopanib in Patients with Advanced Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumor.

Background: Desmoplastic small round cell tumor (DSRCT) is an aggressive, often fatal soft tissue sarcoma that lacks an optimal salvage regimen. We retrospectively reviewed data from 29 pretreated DSRCT patients who received pazopanib at MD Anderson Cancer Center after failure of standard chemotherapies.

Subjects, Materials, And Methods: Medical records of patients treated from January 2012 to December 2016 were reviewed and regression analyses were performed.