Substrates enriched by the fungus Cunninghamella echinulata: an in vitro study of nutrient composition, sheep rumen fermentation and lipid metabolism.

Aims: Enrichment of wheat bran (WB), corn meal (CM) and barley flakes (BF) with the oleaginous fungus Cunninghamella echinulata (CE) might lead to effective use of these by-products in ruminant nutrition. We examined their effects on rumen fermentation and lipid metabolism.

Methods And Results: WB, CM and BF substrates without or with brewer's grains (WBG, CMG, BFG) and enriched with CE were incubated with meadow hay (MH, 500 : 500, w/w) in rumen fluid in vitro for 24 h.

Effects of prefermented cereal-derived substrates (ground barley and rye bran) enriched with fungal γ-linolenic acid on rumen fermentation parameters and lipid metabolism in vitro.

Aims: To increase rumen output of γ-linolenic acid (GLA), we used two cereal-derived substrates, ground barley (GB) and rye bran (RB), enriched with fungal GLA as components of feed rations. We examined their effects on rumen fermentation patterns, lipid metabolism and the ciliated protozoan population in an artificial rumen.

Methods And Results: Four diets consisting of meadow hay (MH) plus unfermented (GB or RB) or prefermented (GB - TE or RB - TE) cereal-derived substrates were fermented in an artificial rumen with ovine rumen inoculum.

Effect of inoculated corn silage enriched with sunflower oil on rumen fermentation and lipid metabolism in an artificial rumen (RUSITEC).

Background: Some rumen isolates are able to produce conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) from linoleic acid (LA) in vitro. Effects of providing diets containing corn silage (CS) and lucerne hay to an artificial rumen (RUSITEC) in which the corn was not inoculated (CS), or inoculated with Lactobacillus plantarum CCM 4000 (CS + LP), Lactobacillus fermentum LF2 (CS + LF) or Enterococcus faecium CCM 4231 (CS + EF) and supplied with sunflower oil (SO; 30 g kg(-1); w/w) on rumen metabolism were examined.

Results: The SO affected the outputs of all fatty acids.

Comparison of nisin and monensin effects on ciliate and selected bacterial populations in artificial rumen.

The effect of daily supplementation of nisin (2 mg/L), monensin (5.88 mg/L) and nisin and monensin (2 + 5.88 mg/L) on ovine ruminal ciliates and bacteria was investigated using the artificial rumen RUSITEC.

Effect of sunflower, linseed and fish oils on the production of trans fatty acids in vitro.

In vitro anaerobic incubations were used to determine the effect of different oils (LO-linseed, SO-sunflower, FO-fish oil) on trans fatty acid production in rumen fluid and to test if combining of monensin (MON) with the oils affects the interactions on trans fatty acid concentrations in mixed cultures of ruminal microorganisms. Two different sources of rumen fluid were used; the inoculum from the sheep fed hay and barley (80:20%)--the inoculum A and the inoculum from the sheep fed alfalfa and barley (80:20 %)--the inoculum B. The analyses showed that inoculum B contained more short chain fatty acids (SCFA), medium chain fatty acids (MCFA) and saturated fatty acids (SFA) than inoculum A.

Effect of three strains of Pleurotus tuber-regium (Fr.) Sing. on chemical composition and rumen fermentation of wheat straw.

This study was conducted to investigate changes in in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) and cell wall constituent degradation in wheat straw treated with 3 strains of the fungus Pleurotus tuber-regium (PT). The incubation of wheat straw for 30 days at 28 degrees C improved IVDMD from 30.3% (UWS-untreated wheat straw) to 47.

Effect of Tween 80 and monensin on ruminal fermentation of the diet containing 70% wheat straw treated by white-rot fungus in artificial rumen.

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of Tween 80 and monensin on rumen fermentation of the diet containing 70% wheat straw treated by white-rot fungus Pleurotus tuber-regium (TWS-PT) and 30% barley in artificial rumen (RUSITEC). The RUSITEC consisted of four fermentation vessels (V1, V2, V3, V4): V1 was without additives (control), V2 received daily 10 mg of monensin, V3 received daily 0.5% Tween 80 (vol.

Effect of plant oils and organic acids on rumen fermentation in vitro.

We determined the effect of plant oils (rapeseed, sunflower, linseed) and organic acids (aspartic and malic) on the fermentation of diet consisting of hay, barley and sugar beet molasses. Rumen fluid was collected from two sheep (Slovak Merino) fed with the same diet twice daily. Mixed rumen microorganisms were incubated in fermentation fluid, which contained rumen fluid and Mc Dougall's buffer.

Effect of plant oils and aspartate on rumen fermentation in vitro.

The effect of plant oils and aspartate (ASP) on rumen fermentation in vitro. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of plant oils (rapeseed - RO, sunflower - SO; linseed - LO; 10% wt/wt) and 8 mmol sodium aspartate on rumen fermentation of a diet (250 mg) consisting of hay, barley and sugar beet molasses (60 : 30 : 10). Rumen fluid was collected from two Slovak Merino sheep fed the same diet twice daily.

Effect of nisin and monensin on rumen fermentation in the artificial rumen.

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of nisin and monensin on rumen fermentation of diets containing hay and barley (80:20%) in artificial rumen (Rusitec system). The Rusitec system consisted of four fermentation vessels (V1, V2, V3, V4): V1 was without additives (control), V2 received daily 2 mg of nisin, V3 involved 5 mg of monensin and V4 combination of 2 mg of nisin with 5 mg of monensin. After an adaptation period (7 days), the fermentation parameters were determined for six consecutive days.

Effect of six species of white-rot basidiomycetes on the chemical composition and rumen degradability of wheat straw.

This study was conducted to investigate changes in in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), volatile fatty acids (VFA) production and cell-wall constituent degradation in wheat straw treated with six white-rot fungi: Daedalea quercina, Hericium clathroides, Phelinus laevigatus, Inonotus andersonii, Inonotus obliquus, and Inonotus dryophilus. The incubation of wheat straw for 30 days at 28 C improved IVDMD from 41.4 (control) to 59.

Effect of yeast culture and phenolic acids on the physiology of rumen fermentation determined in vitro.

The effect of p-hydroxybenzoic acid (HBA), syringic acid (SYA) and yeast culture (YS) on rumen fermentation in vitro has been investigated. Meadow hay was used as a substrate and rumen fluid as an inocula. The yeast culture Levucel contained 5x10(8) yeast cells Saccharomyces cerevisiae per 1 g of dry matter and was used in the amount of 0.

The effect of white-rot basidiomycetes on chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of wheat straw.

Five white-rot basidiomycetes were evaluated for their potential to improve ruminal degradation of wheat straw. Polyorus brumalis, Lyophyllum ulmarium III, Trametes gibbosa, Pleurotus ostreatus, and a Pleurotus ostreatus mutant were incubated on wheat straw for 30 d at 28 degrees C. Detergent fiber, crude protein and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) were determined.

Effect of white-rot basidiomycetes-treated wheat straw on rumen fermentation in artificial rumen.

This study evaluated three white-rot basidiomycetes for their potential to improve the ruminal degradation of wheat straw. Pleurotus ostreatus (PO), Pleurotus ostreatus-mutant (PO-M) and Trametes gibbosa (TG) were incubated on wheat straw for 30 days at 28 degrees C. Neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), crude protein and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) were determined.

[The effect of cadmium on the protozoan population and rumen fermentation of feed in an artificial rumen].

In our experiment, the effects of 5, 10 and 20 mg cadmium per kg dry matter (DM) on protozoan population and rumen fermentation of feed ration consisting of 11.7 g DM of hay and 2.8 g DM of barley (80: 20%) were followed in artificial rumen (Rusitec).

Influence of Rhaponticum carthamoides Wild on the growth of ruminal bacteria in vitro and on fermentation in an artificial rumen (Rusitec).

The fermentation of a basal diet composed of hay and barley (80:20%) was compared with fermentation of three rations in which 5 and 10% of hay and 10% of basal diet were replaced with the above-ground part of Rhaponticum carthamoides Wild in an artificial rumen (Rusitec). Results of 14 days experiments indicated that the digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, detergent fibre, production of CO2 and methane, NH3-N in effluent and total and individual VFA (mmol/day) were not affected in the process of fermentation of experimental diets in comparison with the basal diet. Addition of Rhaponticum carthamoides did not modify the production, utilization and recovery of metabolic hydrogen, glucose utilization, ATP production, YATP and effectiveness of microbial biomass synthesis expressed in g of microbial N/kg of organic fermented biomass.

[The effect of defaunation on fermentation in vitro].

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of defaunation on the fermentation of two different diets consisting of hay (100%) and hay+barley (80% + +20%) in a rumen pouch (RUSITEC). The survival and composition of protozoa were investigated in an in vitro system in control vessels where no defaunation was carried out. Defaunation decreased the production of total volatile fatty acids (P < < 0.

[The effect of copper and cobalt supplementation on the digestibility of fibrous feed in sheep].

The effects of an addition of copper, cobalt, and copper + cobalt on the in vitro digestibility of hay, treated beech sawdust and cellulose by the rumen fluid of sheep fed a complete food ration, complete food ration with 15% treated beech sawdust and a diet consisting of 80% hay and 20% barley were investigated, respectively. The rumen fluid obtained from animals fed a complete food ration showed the significantly higher digestibility of hay (Tab. I) when Cu (P less than 0.

[Effect of monensin (USA, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria) on fermentation of animal feed in an artificial rumen (Rusitec)].

An experiment was made with the Rumen Simulation Technique (Rusitec) in which the fermentation of a mixed ration of hay (12.8 g/d) and bruised barley (3.2 g/d) was compared with the fermentation of the same diet in the presence of 5 mg monensin/d from the USA, CSFR and Bulgaria.

Effect of monensin on fermentation of hay and wheat bran investigated by the Rumen Simulation Technique (Rusitec). 2. End-products of fermentation and protein synthesis.

An experiment was performed with Rumen Simulation Technique (Rusitec) in which the fermentation of mixed ration of hay (12.8 g/d) and wheat bran (3.2 g/d) was compared with the fermentation of the same diet supplemented with 2.

Effect of monensin on fermentation of hay and wheat bran investigated by the Rumen Simulation Technique (Rusitec). 1. Basal parameters of fermentation.

An experiment was performed with Rumen Simulation Technique (Rusitec) in which the fermentation of mixed ration of hay (12.8 g/d) and wheat bran (3.2 g/d) was compared with the fermentation of the same diet in the presence of 2, 5 and 10 mg of monensin/d.

[The effect of monensin on the fermentation of feed with different proportions of hay and concentrate in an artificial rumen (rumen simulation technic)].

An experiment was conducted with rumen pouch (RUSITEC--Rumen Simulation Technique). In four fermentation vessels (V), percent proportions of hay and barley were as follows: V1--40:60, V2 - 60:40, V3--80:20 and V4--100:0. Every day 5 mg of monensin dissolved in 1 ml 96% ethanol were added to each fermentation vessel.

[The effect of methanol extracts of sawdust on the digestion of cellulose, hay and wheat bran in vitro].

An experiment was treated to investigate the effects of an extract of conditioned beech sawdust (80% methanol extraction) on the in vitro digestion of cellulose and on the digestion of hay and wheat bran diet (80 to 20%) in a artificial rumen (Rusitec). The addition of 10, 25, 50, 75 mg of extract to 0.25 g cellulose reduced significantly its digestibility from 94.

[The effect of citronellylseneciate on the utilization of feed in sheep].

The influence of citronellylseneciate on the digestibility of nutrients and energy, as well as on the level of some rumen and blood metabolites, was studied in feed rations for rams. Citronellylseneciate was not found to have a significant influence on the digestibility of nutrients and energy and nitrogen balance in feed ration. Neither did citronellylseneciate influence the production of total volatile fatty acids and the molar percent of acetic, propionic and n-butyric acids.

[Volatile fatty acids in the rumen of sheep fed a synthetic diet].

A trial was conducted with wethers to study the effect of the administration of a synthetic diet (composition: 30.125% starch, 30.125% sucrose, 25% cellulose, 5.