Pattern of cephalosporin and carbapenem-resistant : a retrospective analysis.

Objectives: Despite its financial cost on the world's health care system, antibiotic resistance has been increasing. Therefore, the goal of this study was to assess the level of antimicrobial resistance to anti-pseudomonas medicines, specifically β-lactam medications such as cephalosporin and carbapenems. In addition, we evaluate the prevalence of multi-drug resistance to , particularly during the years of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Podocytes Intracytoplasmic Dense Inclusions: Are They Associated with Subepithelial Dense Deposits? An Ultrastructural Study.

Introduction: Podocytes play a crucial role in health and disease. They participate in clearing the filtration barrier by removing accumulated proteins. It is proposed that podocytes have the ability to remove immune complexes and internalize them in the cytoplasm.

Changing Frequency of Glomerular Diseases in Western Saudi Arabia: A 26-Year Experience.

Introduction: The frequency of glomerulonephritis (GN) is reported to be changing in the world over the past four decades. Few studies arise from the western region of Saudi Arabia.

Aims: The aim of this study was to address the frequency of primary GN (1ry GN) and secondary GN (2ry GN) over a period of 26 years in the western region of Saudi Arabia and compare to previous data from other regions of the country.

and Mutations Implicate RAB5 Regulation in Nephrotic Syndrome.

Background: Steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) is a frequent cause of CKD. The discovery of monogenic causes of SRNS has revealed specific pathogenetic pathways, but these monogenic causes do not explain all cases of SRNS.

Methods: To identify novel monogenic causes of SRNS, we screened 665 patients by whole-exome sequencing.

Mutations in six nephrosis genes delineate a pathogenic pathway amenable to treatment.

No efficient treatment exists for nephrotic syndrome (NS), a frequent cause of chronic kidney disease. Here we show mutations in six different genes (MAGI2, TNS2, DLC1, CDK20, ITSN1, ITSN2) as causing NS in 17 families with partially treatment-sensitive NS (pTSNS). These proteins interact and we delineate their roles in Rho-like small GTPase (RLSG) activity, and demonstrate deficiency for mutants of pTSNS patients.

Ultrastructural Features of Alkhumra Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Infection of Cells Under In Vivo and In Vitro Conditions.

Alkhumra hemorrhagic fever virus (AHFV) is an emerging novel flavivirus that was discovered in Saudi Arabia in 1995. The virus has since caused several outbreaks in the country that resulted in case fatality rates ranging from 1% to 25%. Meager information has been published on the ultrastructural features of the virus on cells under in vitro or in vivo conditions.

Electron Microscopy of Alkhumra Hemorrhagic Fever Virus.

Alkhumra hemorrhagic fever virus (AHFV) is a newly described zoonotic flavivirus that was first isolated during 1994-1995 from the Alkhumra district south of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Subsequently, the virus was also isolated from Makkah city (2001-2003) and Najran (2008-2009), Saudi Arabia. The virus causes acute febrile illness with hepatitis, hemorrhagic manifestations, and encephalitis.

A clinicopathological study of C1q nephropathy at King Abdulaziz University.

Introduction: C1q nephropathy is a relatively rare idiopathic glomerulopathy characterized by mesangial immunoglobulin and complement deposits with dominance or co-dominance of C1q, with no evidence of systemic lupus erythematosus. We describe the incidence, clinical manifestation, histopathological features, and follow-up of patients with C1q nephropathy at our institute.

Materials And Methods: Of 750 kidney biopsy specimens obtained in the period of January 2000 to December 2011, all the cases that meet the criteria for the diagnosis of C1q nephropathy were retrieved.

Pathological patterns of mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis seen at a tertiary care center.

Mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis (MesPGN) is a common morphological pattern that encompasses several groups of renal diseases including IgA nephropathy (IgAN), IgM nephropathy (IgMN), lupus nephritis (LN), C1q nephropathy (C1qN) and other entities. The aim of this study was to analyze the pathological findings and the clinical features of cases of MesPGN seen at the king Abdulaziz University, in Saudi Arabia. A total of 750 percutaneous native renal biopsies were seen at our institution from January 2000 to December 2011.

Severe acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis in an infant.

Acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (APSGN) is very rare below the age of two years. We report a 14-month-old girl who presented with frank hematuria and nephrotic syndrome following group A streptococcal pharyngitis (GAS), which was confirmed by laboratory investigations. The patient underwent a renal biopsy to confirm the diagnosis and was treated with prednisolone.

Simultaneous onset of steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome and IDDM in two young children.

The cases are reported of two young children who developed insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) within 2 weeks of receiving a diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome. Neither patient responded to 8 weeks of daily prednisolone. The first patient presented at 2 years and 9 months of age.

Pattern of steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome in children living in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia: a single center study.

Steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) remains a challenge facing pediatric nephrologists. The underlying histopathology usually affects the course of the disease and the response to treatment. We studied the pattern of histopathology in children with SRNS who presented to the King Abdul Aziz University Hospital (KAUH), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

IgG glomerulonephritis: a morphologic study of a rare entity.

Mesangial IgG glomerulonephritis (MesIgGN) is recently recognized as a distinct type of glomerulonephritis. In our renal biopsy series, two patients with MesIgGN were identified. The morphologic criteria detected in these patients included mesangial dense deposits by ultrastructural studies, which were predominantly positive for IgG by immunofluorescence.

Childhood primary glomerular diseases in the western region of Saudi Arabia.

We report our institute experience on primary glomerular disease in children in the western region of Saudi Arabia over the last 18 years (1988 to 2006). A total of 169 cases were identified as primary glomerular diseases in children and adolescent with age range from first year of life till 18 years. Minimal change disease and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis were the commonly encountered primary glomerular diseases (20.

Electron microscopic study of the myelinated nerve fibres and the perineurial cell basement membrane in the diabetic human peripheral nerves.

Objective: To study the quantitative and ultrastructural changes in myelinated nerve fibers and the basement membranes of the perineurial cells in diabetic nerves.

Methods: The study was performed at the Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia from 2003 to 2005. Human sural nerves were obtained from 15 lower limbs and 5 diabetic nerve biopsies.

Patterns of primary glomerular diseases among adults in the western region of Saudi Arabia.

The frequency of primary glomerular diseases is variable from one part of the world to the other. Data published from Saudi Arabia has shown wide range of variation in the different regions of the country. This study reports the frequency of primary glomerulonephritis (GN) in adults in the Western region of Saudi Arabia.

Non-diabetic renal disease in diabetic patients.

The occurrence of non-diabetic renal diseases (NDRD) in diabetic patient is well recognized. Different frequencies for NDRD have been reported from different parts of the world. This is a retrospective study of 16 renal biopsies from diabetic patients.

C1q nephropathy in two young sisters.

C1q nephropathy (C1qNP) is a controversial and uncommon form of glomerulonephritis, characterized by mesangial immunoglobulin and complement deposits, predominantly C1q, with no evidence of systemic lupus erythematosus. Clinically, it may present as nephrotic syndrome and non-nephrotic proteinuria per se or associated with microhematuria, hypertension, or renal insufficiency. We describe two sisters with C1qNP, who presented with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome.

Ultrastructural changes of compressed lumbar ventral nerve roots following decompression.

Objective: To study whether there will be a permanent lumbar nerve root scarring or degeneration secondary to continuous compression followed by decompression on the nerve roots, which can account for postlaminectomy leg weakness or back pain.

Methods: The study was performed at the Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia during 2003-2005. Twenty-six adult male New Zealand rabbits were used in the present study.

Glomerular changes in microscopic haematuria, studied by quantitative immunoelectron microscopy and in situ zymography.

Background: Haematuria of glomerular origin, even if mild, implies the development of defects in the glomerular basement membrane (GBM). In diseases where there is no infiltration of leukocytes into the glomerulus-such as thin basement membrane disease (TBMD) and histologically mild cases of IgA nephropathy (IgAN)-the mechanism by which such defects form is unclear.

Methods: Frozen renal tissue from 18 cases of TBMD, 18 of mild IgAN and 18 cases with no detectable abnormality were studied: (i) by quantitative in situ zymography, to estimate the activity of glomerular collagenases; and (ii) by quantitative immunoelectron microscopy to estimate the amount of major basement membrane proteins per unit length and per unit area of glomerular basement membrane.

Inactive matrix metalloproteinase 2 is a normal constituent of human glomerular basement membrane. An immuno-electron microscopic study.

Remodelling of the extracellular matrix requires tight control not only of matrix synthesis, but also of matrix degradation. Control of matrix degradation is achieved mainly through the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) enzymes. In the glomerulus, MMP-2 and MMP-9 are believed to be particularly important, as they have activity against type IV collagen.

Isolated pancreatic islets of the rat: an ultrastructural study.

Pancreatic islets from adult Wistar rats were isolated by an improved collagenase digestion technique. Examination of the preparations showed that they contained B cells possessing secretory granules, each having an eccentric electron-dense core surrounded by an electron-lucent halo; the Golgi bodies with their characteristic features were located in a juxtanuclear position. Roughly surfaced endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria were present and were mostly normal in appearance.

Effects of hypothyroidism on glucose and glutamine metabolism by the gut of the rat.

1. The metabolism of glucose and glutamine was studied in the small intestine and the colon of rats after 4-5 weeks of hypothyroidism. 2.