Mitigation of AI adoption bias through an improved autonomous AI system for diabetic retinal disease.

Where adopted, Autonomous artificial Intelligence (AI) for Diabetic Retinal Disease (DRD) resolves longstanding racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic disparities, but AI adoption bias persists. This preregistered trial determined sensitivity and specificity of a previously FDA authorized AI, improved to compensate for lower contrast and smaller imaged area of a widely adopted, lower cost, handheld fundus camera (RetinaVue700, Baxter Healthcare, Deerfield, IL) to identify DRD in participants with diabetes without known DRD, in primary care. In 626 participants (1252 eyes) 50.

Clopidogrel-Mediated P2Y Inhibition According to Renal Function in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus and CAD.

This prospective ex vivo and in vitro pharmacodynamic (PD)/pharmacokinetic investigation was conducted in patients with diabetes mellitus with (n = 31) and without chronic kidney disease (n = 30). PD assessments included platelet reactivity index, maximum platelet aggregation, and P2Y reaction units. Ex vivo pharmacokinetic assessments included plasma levels of clopidogrel and its active metabolite.

Accelerometer techniques for capturing human movement validated against direct observation: a scoping review.

Accelerometers are devices commonly used to measure human physical activity and sedentary time. Accelerometer capabilities and analytical techniques have evolved rapidly, making it difficult for researchers to keep track of advances and best practices for data processing and analysis. The objective of this scoping review is to determine the existing methods for analyzing accelerometer data for capturing human movement which have been validated against the criterion measure of direct observation.

Parental-leave policies and perceptions of pregnancy during surgical residency training in North America: a scoping review.

Background: The number of surgical residents experiencing childbearing during residency training is increasing, and there is an absence of clarity with respect to parental-leave, lactation and return-to-work policies in support of residents. The aim of this review was to examine parental-leave policies during residency training in surgery and the perceptions of these policies by residents, program directors and coresidents, as described in the literature.

Methods: We performed a scoping review of the literature based on the following themes: maternity or parental-leave policies; antepartum work-restriction policies and obstetric complications; accommodations for training absences; support for, and perceptions of, maternity or parental leave during residency training; and challenges upon return to work, namely resident performance and breastfeeding.

Prevalence of sarcopenia indicators and sub-optimal protein intake among elective total joint replacement patients.

Sarcopenia is associated with falls, and can complicate recovery following total joint replacement (TJR) surgery. We examined (1) the prevalence of sarcopenia indicators and lower-than-recommended protein intake among TJR patients and non-TJR community participants and (2) the relationships between dietary protein intake and sarcopenia indicators. We recruited adults ≥65 years of age who were undergoing TJR, and adults from the community not undergoing TJR (controls).

School performance in youth after a concussion.

Objective: This study aimed to identify school problems and levels of cognitive activity in youths aged 5-18 years with a concussion during the recovery stages of return to school (RTS).

Study Design: In a prospective cohort, participants completed in-person assessments at three time points: First Visit Post-injury, Symptom Resolution Visit, and Follow-Up Visit. These time points varied based on the participants' recovery progress.

Transcriptomic points of departure calculated from human intestinal cells exposed to dietary nanoparticles.

Use of nanoparticles (NPs) in the food industry raises dietary health concerns. Assessing dietary NPs remains challenged due the vast number of products and the resource-intensive nature of toxicity testing. Advancements in high-throughput transcriptomics, coupled with benchmark dose (BMD) analysis are poised to modernize chemical safety assessments.

Validation of the test for detecting SARS--CoV-2 antigens in the Polish population in patients with suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection.

In December 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO) reported that China had accumulated pneumonia of unclear etiology in Wuhan. According to WHO recommendations, in strictly defined situations, antigen tests can be implemented into the diagnostic algorithm to reduce the number of molecular tests performed and support the rapid identification and treatment of COVID-19 patients. According to WHO recommendations, the antigen test for diagnostic use should have a sensitivity of ≥ 80% and a specificity of ≥ 97% compared to molecular tests (NAAT).

Titanium anodizing in a choline dihydrogencitrate salt-oxalic acid deep eutectic solvent: a step towards green chemistry in surface finishing of titanium and its alloys.

Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) are "green" competitors for some conventional plating baths and electrolytes used for surface modification. Their use allows a material to be obtained with a structure different from that observed in conventional plating or finishing technologies. In this work the titanium anodizing process was investigated in a bath based on a choline dihydrogencitrate salt and oxalic acid (1 : 1 molar ratio) green solvent.

Prospective Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Early Protected Movement and Splinting for Fifth Metacarpal Neck Fracture.

Background: Fifth metacarpal neck fractures account for 20% of all hand fractures, yet there remains debate with respect to management, particularly when conservative treatment is initiated. The objective of this study is to compare functional and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) in patients treated with early protected movement or splint immobilization.

Methods: This national multicenter prospective randomized controlled trial compared 2 groups; elastic bandage with early protected movement versus immobilization with splinting.

Anomaly Detection in Asset Degradation Process Using Variational Autoencoder and Explanations.

Development of predictive maintenance (PdM) solutions is one of the key aspects of Industry 4.0. In recent years, more attention has been paid to data-driven techniques, which use machine learning to monitor the health of an industrial asset.

Assessing New Technologies in Surgery: Case Example of Acute Primary Repair of the Thumb Ulnar Collateral Ligament.

Purpose: Health technology assessment provides a means to assess the technical properties, safety, efficacy, cost-effectiveness, and ethical/legal/social impact of a novel technology. An important component of health technology assessment is the cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA), which can be performed using model-based CEA. This study used the CEA model to compare the cost-effectiveness of a novel ligament augmentation device with the standard technique for primary repair of complete ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) tears.

Association of Firearm Access, Use, and Victimization During Adolescence With Firearm Perpetration During Adulthood in a 16-Year Longitudinal Study of Youth Involved in the Juvenile Justice System.

Importance: Preventing firearm violence requires understanding its antecedents. Yet no comprehensive longitudinal study has examined how involvement with firearms during adolescence-use, access, and victimization (defined as threatened with a weapon or gunshot injury)-is associated with the perpetration of firearm violence in adulthood.

Objective: To examine the association between firearm involvement during adolescence and subsequent firearm perpetration and ownership in adulthood among youth involved in the juvenile justice system.

Review of evolution and current status of protein requirements and provision in acute illness and critical care.

Nutrition therapy, by enteral, parenteral, or both routes combined, is a key component of the management of critically ill, surgical, burns, and oncology patients. Established evidence indicates overfeeding (provision of excessive calories) results in increased risk of infection, morbidity, and mortality. This has led to the practice of "permissive underfeeding" of calories; however, this can often lead to inadequate provision of guideline-recommended protein intakes.

State of Gender Diversity and Equity Policies within Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery in Canada.

Background: Given the growing number of women in plastic and reconstructive surgery (PRS), it is imperative to evaluate the extent of gender diversity and equity policies among Canadian PRS programs to support female trainees and staff surgeons.

Methods: A modified version of the United Nations Women's Empowerment Principles (WEPs) Gender Gap Analysis tool was delivered to Canadian PRS Division Chairs (n = 11) and Residency Program Directors (n = 11). The survey assessed gender discrimination and equity policies, paid parental leave policies, and support for work/life balance.

Enhanced adsorption of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) by edible, nutrient-amended montmorillonite clays.

Humans and animals are frequently exposed to PFAS (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances) through drinking water and food; however, no therapeutic sorbent strategies have been developed to mitigate this problem. Montmorillonites amended with the common nutrients, carnitine and choline, were characterized for their ability to bind 4 representative PFAS (PFOA, PFOS, GenX, and PFBS). Adsorption/desorption isothermal analysis showed that PFOA, PFOS (and a mixture of the two) fit the Langmuir model with high binding capacity, affinity and enthalpy at conditions simulating the stomach.

High-Scatter Lymphocytes in the Blood of Erythrodermic Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma: Evidence for Large-Cell Transformation?

Background: Erythrodermic cutaneous T-cell lymphoma consists of erythrodermic mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome. Previous studies have indicated that very large Sézary cells (> 14 μm diameter) or the presence of aneuploid cells in the blood might reflect large-cell transformation, with a corresponding poor prognosis.

Patients And Methods: A retrospective study assessed data between June 1997 and April 2002 of 32 patients with erythrodermic cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, 4 patients with leukemic mycosis fungoides, and 19 patients with nonneoplastic inflammatory conditions who were referred for evaluation of possible cutaneous T-cell lymphoma.