Exposure to ionizing radiation of medical staff performing vascular and interventional radiology procedures.

Objectives: Vascular and interventional radiology procedures are characterized by high exposure of personnel to ionizing radiation. This study assessed the exposure of medical personnel to ionizing radiation during vascular radiology and mechanical thrombectomy procedures.

Material And Methods: During vascular radiology procedures, the exposure of 4 groups of workers participating in the procedures was analyzed, i.

Analysis of dose distribution around a computed tomography scanner in terms of exposure to scattered ionizing radiation of caregivers of pediatric patients.

Objectives: During computed tomography (CT), a large amount of ionizing radiation is emitted to ensure high quality of the obtained radiological image. This study measured the dose distribution around the CT scanner and the exposure of people staying near the CT scanner during the examination.

Material And Methods: The measurements used an anthropomorphic phantom to assess human exposure to ionizing radiation.

Analysis of the threshold image contrast obtained with the CDMAM 3.4 and CDMAM 4.0 phantoms.

Quality control in mammography is a very important element. One of the parameters indicating the appropriate image quality is the threshold image contrast. The CDMAM phantom is used to measure this parameter.

Comparison of Radionuclide Impurities Activated during Irradiation of O-Enriched Water in Tantalum and Silver Targets during the Production of F in a Cyclotron.

During the production of F, as a result of the interaction of the beam of protons and secondary neutrons with the structural elements of the target body, many radionuclide impurities are created in the cyclotron. As part of this work, we theoretically predicted which isotopes would be activated in the target tantalum or silver bodies. Subsequently, we used gamma spectrometry analysis to verify these predictions.

Exposure to ionizing radiation by service personnel working with cyclotrons used to produce radiopharmaceuticals in PET diagnostics.

Objectives: While working with cyclotrons used for the production of radiopharmaceuticals, workers can experience significant exposure to the adverse effects of ionizing radiation. The aim of this paper was to determine the typical level of such exposure received by such personnel while servicing cyclotrons.

Material And Methods: Exposure was assessed using TLD detectors placed in an anthropomorphic phantom, as well as dose meter to determine whole body and eye lens exposure.

LEVELS OF EXPOSURE TO IONIZING RADIATION AMONG THE PERSONNEL ENGAGED IN CYCLOTRON OPERATION AND THE PERSONNEL ENGAGED IN THE PRODUCTION OF RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS, BASED ON RADIATION MONITORING SYSTEM.

This paper aims to determine the levels of exposure to neutron and photon radiation among the personnel engaged in cyclotron operation and the personnel engaged in the production of radiopharmaceuticals, with the use of the environmental radiation monitoring system (RMS) installed in the positron emission tomography laboratory. The annual exposures of employees operating the cyclotron measured with the use of the RMS system are: 1.39 ± 0.

Formation of Cd radionuclide impurities during F production.

Cd isotopes (Cd and Cd) are generated from the silver target body during the bombardment of [O]water in the routine production of 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose ([F]FDG) for PET (Positron Emission Tomography) diagnosis. Cadmium isotopes contribute significantly to the total activity of generated impurities and, due to being potentially radiotoxic to living organisms, they should be effectively reduced from FDG to prevent accidental injection of even small concentrations into patients. Purification of the final [F]FDG can be based on a set of columns, fulfilling various functions in the cleaning process.

Effect of anode/filter combination on average glandular dose in mammography.

A comparative analysis of the mean glandular doses was conducted in 100 female patients who underwent screening mammography in 2011 and 2013. Siemens Mammomat Novation with the application of the W/Rh anode/filter combination was used in 2011, whereas in 2013 anode/filter combination was Mo/Mo or Mo/Rh. The functioning of mammography was checked and the effectiveness of the automatic exposure control (AEC) system was verified by measuring compensation of changes in the phantom thickness and measuring tube voltage.

Classification of breast thermal images using artificial neural networks.

In this paper we present classification of the thermal images in order to discriminate healthy and pathological cases during breast cancer screening. Different image features and approaches for data reduction and classification have been used. The most promised method was based on wavelet transformation and nonlinear neural network classifier.

[Spinocerebellar ataxias type 1 and 2: comparison of clinical, electrophysiological and magnetic resonance evaluation].

Background And Purpose: Spinocerebellar ataxias type 1 (SCA1) and type 2 (SCA2) belong to neurodegenerative disorders of autosomal dominant inheritance, genetically and clinically heterogeneous, caused by the expansion of CAG trinucleotides. Trunk and limb ataxia, dysarthria, dysphagia, gaze palsy, sensory and motor axonal neuropathy are the dominant features in both entities. The aim of the study was to evaluate the differences between genotype and phenotype based on clinical and electrophysiological assessment of the visual, auditory pathways, and EEG alterations in comparison with the cerebellar and brain atrophy in MRI.

[Diagnostic value of thermography and endothelin concentration in serum of children with Raynaud's Syndrome].

Objective: The primary Raynaud's Syndrome may occur in pubescent children, the secondary is connected with connective tissue diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of thermography and endothelin concentration in patients with Raynaud's Syndrome (RS).

Material And Methods: 49 patients aged 11 to 18 years with clinical symptoms of RS and 12 healthy children participated in the study.

[Thermography in the early detection of breast cancer--our own experiences].

In combination with X-ray mammography and clinical examination thermography adds to the accuracy of breast cancer diagnosis. Thermographic examinations can be repeated at short intervals with no radiation hazard to the patient. However, performing and interpreting thermograms requires meticulous training.

[The effect of rivastigmine on cognitive functions and regional cerebral blood flow in Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia: follow-up for 2 years].

Background And Purpose: The aim of the work was to investigate the effect of treatment with rivastigmine, one of the inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase (AChE-I) on the regional cerebral perfusion (rCBF) and the cognitive functions of the brain in patients with Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and Vascular Dementia (VaD).

Material And Methods: The investigations of rCBF were carried out using SPECT (Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography). The results given concern investigations of patients carried out at the onset of the investigation, after 12 months, and 24 months of rivastigmine treatment.

The effect of cholinesterase inhibitors on the regional blood flow in patients with Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia.

The effects of therapy with cholinesterase inhibitors (ChE-I) on regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) disturbances were investigated by means of single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). The changes in rCBF were compared with the results of the medical examination and neuropsychological tests. The sample consisted of 41 patients with the Alzheimer's dementia (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD).

[Nicergoline in the treatment of patients after a mild ischemic stroke].

25 patients with neurological and neuropsychological deficits after a mild ischaemic stroke were treated with nicergoline (Adavin 60 mg/d) versus placebo in a double blind cross-over trial (3 and 3 months). The patients were examined repeatedly by a neurologist and a neuropsychologist using a battery of tests (PPL, AVLT, Benton and Bourdon tests, number-repetition test). On completion of the trial the improvement of neurological signs (mainly cerebellar deficits) and neuropsychological impairments (in particular of attention and manual manipulation difficulties) was found to be more marked after the period of nicergoline treatment than after placebo.

SPECT as a diagnostic test in the investigation of dementia.

Single photon emission tomography (SPECT) permits the assessment of the decrease of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF). The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between the different types of dementia (Alzheimer's disease (AD), vascular dementia (VaD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD)) and the rCBF in the SPECT examination. In patients with AD, the SPECT examination showed hypoperfusion in temporoparietal regions, contrary to patients with frontotemporal dementia, where hypoperfusion was limited to the frontal area, and compared to patients with VaD, where "patchy" rCBF changes were observed in different regions.

[Clinical and genetic study of juvenile form of Huntington's disease].

Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder caused by high instability and extension of CAG sequences within the coding region of IT15 gene. It affects both sexes and age at onset of the disease may be different but usually occurs in midlife. The term Juvenile Huntington's disease is generally applied to 10% of the cases with onset before 20.

[Clinical picture of spinocerebellar ataxia type I (SCA1)].

Spinocerebellar ataxia is a group of diseases with autosomal dominant inheritance heterogenous both clinically and genetically. So called dynamic mutations underlie most these nosological units. The clinical patterns of various SCA types have not yet been defined completely.

[Concentration of attention and learning processes in patients with schizophrenic psychosis. Part II. Process of acquisition of verbal material].

All examined patient groups did worse in tests of auditory acquisition of new verbal material than healthy controls. Long term schizophrenic patients scored lower in these tests than those hospitalized for the first time.

[Concentration of attention and learning processes in patients with schizophrenic psychosis. Part I. Attention disorders].

Test of the ability to focus attention on the task at hand revealed attention deficits in each group of patients under study. The decision taking time in simple reaction test was longest in schizophrenic patients, significantly longer then in patients with affective disorder. It was also fund that chronic schizophrenics performed relatively better in the vigilance test then patients hospitalized for the first time.

[Assessment of early treatment results with antineoplaston AS2-1 in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis].

A tentative treatment with Antineoplaston AS2-1 was carried out in a group of 16 patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE). Most patients were in phase II of SSPE (after Jabbour) with mean disease duration 6.4 months.

[Changes of cognitive and emotional processes during immunostimulatory treatment in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis].

In 35 cases of SSPE sensibilized neuropsychological testing was done before and after 6 months of immunostimulatory and virostatic treatment. Three groups of patients were studied. All groups received isoprinosine, one group was given additionally TFX-thymus extract Polfa, and another group received additionally Propionibacterium granulosum KP-45.

[Early signs of cognition disorders in children with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis in initial stage].

The purpose of the study was to find some characteristic features of cortical defects in the neuropsychological examination of children with SSPE. These findings could be very useful in early differential diagnosis. We analysed the results of the neuropsychological assessment of 13 children selected from a group of 100 patients.

[Health status of children born to mothers with epilepsy].

The authors studied 168 children of mothers with the diagnosis of epilepsy, with 94 of them aged below 15 years whose conception occurred already during the disease of the mother. The control group included 94 children of healthy mothers. These groups of children were matched for sex and age.

[Clinical pattern of epilepsy with abortive temporal lobe attacks].

The purpose of the present work was to evaluate the clinical course of epilepsy with infrequent partial attacks with complex manifestations derived from the temporal lobe. Thirty patients aged 14 to 64 years treated on an outpatient basis and discovered during epidemiological investigations were followed-up. In half the cases only attacks without generalization occurred, in the remaining cases isolated generalized seizures appeared during many years of disease duration.