Choline chloride-based deep eutectic solvents as plasticizer and active agent in chitosan films.

The growing concern over extending the shelf life of food products, coupled with the escalating environmental impact of synthetic plastic waste, has fuelled a quest for bio-based alternatives in packaging research. In response to this pressing need, our study delves into the synthesis of chitosan-based films incorporating a deep eutectic solvents (DES). Choline chloride and diverse hydrogen bond donors were used as plasticizers, we also explored the active properties of DES integrated into the chitosan (Ch) matrix.

The adenine-modified edible chitosan films containing choline chloride and citric acid mixture.

A series of biopolymeric chitosan-based (Ch) films were prepared with choline chloride and citric acid plasticizer (deep eutectic solvent, DES). An effect of adenine (A, vitamin B4) addition on the functional properties of these films was evaluated. Several physicochemical and mechanical properties were tested: Fourier-transformed infrared spectra proved DES's plasticizing and crosslinking effect, while scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy techniques confirmed the possible phase separation after adenine addition.

Alginate-Based Materials Loaded with Nanoparticles in Wound Healing.

Alginate is a naturally derived polysaccharide widely applied in drug delivery, as well as regenerative medicine, tissue engineering and wound care. Due to its excellent biocompatibility, low toxicity, and the ability to absorb a high amount of exudate, it is widely used in modern wound dressings. Numerous studies indicate that alginate applied in wound care can be enhanced with the incorporation of nanoparticles, revealing additional properties beneficial in the healing process.

Natural Gums in Drug-Loaded Micro- and Nanogels.

Gums are polysaccharide compounds obtained from natural sources, such as plants, algae and bacteria. Because of their excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability, as well as their ability to swell and their sensitivity to degradation by the colon microbiome, they are regarded as interesting potential drug carriers. In order to obtain properties differing from the original compounds, blends with other polymers and chemical modifications are usually applied.

Development and characterization of active packaging films based on chitosan, plasticizer, and quercetin for repassed oil storage.

Novel chitosan (Ch) films containing choline chloride and citric acid mixture as plasticizer (deep eutectic solvent, DES) and different amounts of quercetin (QUE) as antioxidant additive were prepared. Physicochemical and mechanical characteristics of the developed Ch/DES/QUE films were studied using FTIR, SEM, and AFM techniques. FTIR spectra revealed the possible interactions between all the components.

Implementing the Design of Experiments (DoE) Concept into the Development Phase of Orodispersible Minitablets (ODMTs) Containing Melatonin.

Development of orodispersible minitablets (ODMTs) requires consideration of aspects related to small dimensions, while ensuring short disintegration time with sufficient mechanical stability. In order to meet these and other critical quality attributes (CQAs), quality by design is encouraged. According to this approach, formulation and compression process factors were systematically studied using design of experiments (Plackett-Burman for screening purposes, full and fractional factorial design for in-depth characterization) to understand their influence on CQAs of orodispersible minitablets containing melatonin.

Blend Segregation in Tablets Manufacturing and Its Effect on Drug Content Uniformity-A Review.

Content uniformity (CU) of the active pharmaceutical ingredient is a critical quality attribute of tablets as a dosage form, ensuring reproducible drug potency. Failure to meet the accepted uniformity in the final product may be caused either by suboptimal mixing and insufficient initial blend homogeneity, or may result from further particle segregation during storage, transfer or the compression process itself. This review presents the most relevant powder segregation mechanisms in tablet manufacturing and summarizes the currently available, up-to-date research on segregation and uniformity loss at the various stages of production process-the blend transfer from the bulk container to the tablet press, filling and discharge from the feeding hopper, as well as die filling.

A Systematic Approach to the Development of Cilostazol Nanosuspension by Liquid Antisolvent Precipitation (LASP) and Its Combination with Ultrasound.

Nanosizing is an approach to improve the dissolution rate of poorly soluble drugs. The first aim of this work was to develop nanosuspension of cilostazol with liquid antisolvent precipitation (LASP) and its combination with ultrasound. Second, to systematically study the effect of bottom-up processing factors on precipitated particles' size and identify the optimal settings for the best reduction.

Examining the Impact of Squaric Acid as a Crosslinking Agent on the Properties of Chitosan-Based Films.

Hydrogels based on chitosan are very versatile materials which can be used for tissue engineering as well as in controlled drug delivery systems. One of the methods for obtaining a chitosan-based hydrogel is crosslinking by applying different components. The objective of the present study was to obtain a series of new crosslinked chitosan-based films by means of solvent casting method.

The role of a deep eutectic solvent in changes of physicochemical and antioxidative properties of chitosan-based films.

In this work deep eutectic solvent (DES), based on the mixture of choline chloride and lactic acid, were suggested as chitosan films plasticizers. The molecular structure and properties of films obtained using chitosan, with different degree of deacetylation and 0-80 wt.% DES content (ω), were studied by means of FTIR spectroscopy, SEM and AFM microscopy (films' surface properties) together with optical characteristics, water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), water vapor permeability (WVP), tensile strength (TS) and elongation at break (E).

Biorelevant In Vitro Release Testing and In Vivo Study of Extended-Release Niacin Hydrophilic Matrix Tablets.

Niacin (nicotinic acid, NA) is administered orally as an antihyperlipidemic agent in extended-release (ER) tablets in high doses. Due to rapid absorption and extensive metabolism (non-linear pharmacokinetics), the drug plasma levels are highly variable, which may correlate with side effects. Interestingly, this erratic drug delivery behavior of niacin ER products cannot be clarified by compendial in vitro release testing.

Antibacterial Films Based on PVA and PVA-Chitosan Modified with Poly(Hexamethylene Guanidine).

In this study, thin, polymeric films consisting of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and chitosan (Ch) with the addition of poly(hexamethylene guanidine) (PHMG) were successfully prepared. The obtained materials were analyzed to determine their physicochemical and biocidal properties. In order to confirm the structure of PHMG, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H NMR) was applied, while in the case of the obtained films, attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy with Fourier transform (FTIR-ATR) was used.

Association of olfactory function with the intensity of self-reported physical activity in adults with type 1 diabetes.

INTRODUCTION    Olfactory function is impaired in patients with type 1 diabetes and can be recognized as a form of diabetic neuropathy. Physical activity has various beneficial effects on type 1 diabetes. OBJECTIVES    The aim of this study was to assess a relation between physical activity and olfactory function in patients with type 1 diabetes.

Implementation of quality by design approach in manufacturing process optimization of dry granulated, immediate release, coated tablets - a case study.

The aim of this study was to optimize the process of tablets compression and identification of film-coating critical process parameters (CPPs) affecting critical quality attributes (CQAs) using quality by design (QbD) approach. Design of experiment (DOE) and regression methods were employed to investigate hardness, disintegration time, and thickness of uncoated tablets depending on slugging and tableting compression force (CPPs). Plackett-Burman experimental design was applied to identify critical coating process parameters among selected ones that is: drying and preheating time, atomization air pressure, spray rate, air volume, inlet air temperature, and drum pressure that may influence the hardness and disintegration time of coated tablets.

The influence of direct compression powder blend transfer method from the container to the tablet press on product critical quality attributes: a case study.

Objective: The aim of this article is to compare the gravitational powder blend loading method to the tablet press and manual loading in terms of their influence on tablets' critical quality attributes (CQA).

Significance: The results of the study can be of practical relevance to the pharmaceutical industry in the area of direct compression of low-dose formulations, which could be prone to content uniformity (CU) issues.

Methods: In the preliminary study, particle size distribution (PSD) and surface energy of raw materials were determined using laser diffraction method and inverse gas chromatography, respectively.

[Effect of extremely low frequency magnetic field on glutathione in rat muscles].

Background: Free radicals (FR) are atoms, molecules or their fragments. Their excess leads to the development of oxidizing stress, the cause of many neoplastic, neurodegenerative and inflammatory diseases, and aging of the organism. Industrial pollution, tobacco smoke, ionizing radiation, ultrasound and magnetic field are the major FR exogenous sources.

A ring-shaped recombination chamber for hadron therapy dosimetry.

An innovative recombination chamber has been designed for estimation of stray radiation doses and quality factors in hadron therapy. The chamber allows for determination of absorbed dose and recombination index of radiation quality in phantoms at small distances from simulated organs. The chamber body and electrodes are ring shaped, so the beam may be directed through the empty centre of the ring.

[Analysis of body composition with the use of bioimpedance in children with type 1 diabetes].

Introduction: Patients with diagnosed type 1 diabetes are a group particularly exposed to cardiovascular complications related to obesity. According to some previous data, one of the useful methods to analyze body composition may be a method of bioelectrical impedance.

Aim Of The Study: The aim of this research was to make an attempt of finding a correlation between anthropometric indicators and results of lipids profile and data obtained from bioelectrical impedance tests in children with diabetes.

[Prevalence of autoimmune diseases and microangiopathy in children with diabetes type 1 over the years 2000-2010].

Introduction: In the past decade the number of patients with type 1 diabetes treated with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) has increased rapidly. Treatment of the disease is focused on proper physical development and the prevention of complications. Aim of the study was to analyze changes in the treatment and clinical picture of type 1 diabetes in children over the years 2000 to 2010 with particular emphasis on the presence of autoimmune diseases and microangiopathy.

Simultaneous determination of ethylenediamine-N,N,N',N'-tetrakismethylene phosphonate and ascorbic acid in "cold" radiopharmaceutical kit.

Ethylenediamine-N,N,N',N'-tetrakismethylene phosphonate (EDTMP) and ascorbic acid (AA) were determined in two batches of lyophilized experimental radiopharmaceutical kits by using ion chromatography with UV detection. The separation of EDTM and AA was carried out on PRP-X 800 weak cation exchange column and as an eluant 0.0025 mol L(-1) sodium sulfate was used.

[Fabry disease].

Fabry disease is a rare genetic disorder, which is linked to a defect of alfa-galactosidase. In consequence it leads to an excess of glicosphyngolipids in lysosomes of various tissues and organs. Clinical symptoms are related to heart, skin, kidneys and nervous system.

Cardiac amyloidosis diagnosed by endomyocardial biopsy. Clinical, histopathological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies.

Background: The heart is often involved by primary (AL) and familial transthyretin-related (ATTR) amyloidosis. Endomyocardial biopsy is a valuable diagnostic method, useful in detection and recognition of the type of amyloid.

Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the type of amyloid deposits found in endomyocardial biopsies, using histochemical, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural methods.

[Congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries in a 72 year old man--a case report].

Congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries (CCTGA) is a rare form of congenital heart disease characterised by atrioventricular as well as ventriculoarterial discordance. The life expectancy of individuals with CCTGA is limited by the onset of the systemic ventricular failure. There have been only a few patients with CCTGA and age >50 years reported in literature.

The role of echocardiography in diagnosing double chambered right ventricle in adults.

Objective: To evaluate the utility of echocardiography in diagnosing double chambered right ventricle (DCRV) in adults.

Design: A retrospective study.

Setting: Department of Congenital Heart Diseases and Department of Cardiac Surgery, Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland.