Overview of Liquid Sample Preparation Techniques for Analysis, Using Metal-Organic Frameworks as Sorbents.

The preparation of samples for instrumental analysis is the most essential and time-consuming stage of the entire analytical process; it also has the greatest impact on the analysis results. Concentrating the sample, changing its matrix, and removing interferents are often necessary. Techniques for preparing samples for analysis are constantly being developed and modified to meet new challenges, facilitate work, and enable the determination of analytes in the most comprehensive concentration range possible.

Multi-biomarker assessment of chronic toxicity induced by the chemical warfare agent adamsite in Danio rerio.

Several hundred thousand tons of chemical warfare agents (CWAs) were disposed of at sea, leading to environmental contamination. Among the most toxic and persistent CWAs is adamsite; however, the ecotoxicological data on this compound is limited. Presented research focuses on the long-term effects of adamsite on fish.

Novel Application of Metal-Organic Frameworks as Efficient Sorbents for Solid-Phase Extraction of Chemical Warfare Agents and Related Compounds in Water Samples.

In this work, we test metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as sorbents in the solid-phase extraction (SPE) technique to determine chemical warfare agents (CWAs) and their related compounds in water samples. During this study, we used 13 target compounds to test the selectivity of MOFs thoroughly. Three MOFs were used: MIL-100(), ZIF-8(), and UiO-66().

Application of Chemical Ionization in the Analysis of Ethylphosphonic Acid Derivatives.

The microsynthesis of 32 dialkyl derivatives of ethylphosphonic acid and the same number of monoalkyl derivatives was carried out to perform comparative studies using gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry in chemical ionization mode which is one of the analytical techniques recommended by the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW). The huge number of possible representatives makes it difficult to have complete spectral libraries of all substances in this class. Therefore, we decided to synthesize and instrumentally analyze only representatives of the selected series of homologues in this work.

Efficient removal of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) from industrial/military wastewater using anodic oxidation on boron-doped diamond electrodes.

With growing public concern about water quality particular focus should be placed on organic micropollutants, which are harmful to the environment and people. Hence, the objective of this research is to enhance the security and resilience of water resources by developing an efficient system for reclaiming industrial/military wastewater and protecting recipients from the toxic and cancerogenic explosive compound-2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), which has been widely distributed in the environment. This research used an anodic oxidation (AO) process on a boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode for the TNT removal from artificial and real-life matrices: marine water and treated wastewater.

Acute toxicity of organoarsenic chemical warfare agents to Danio rerio embryos.

During the 20th century, thousands of tons of munitions containing organoarsenic chemical warfare agents (CWAs) were dumped into oceans, seas and inland waters around the world. As a result, organoarsenic CWAs continue to leak from corroding munitions into sediments and their environmental concentrations are expected to peak over the next few decades. There remains, however, a lack of knowledge about their potential toxicity to aquatic vertebrates, such as fish.

"In the Wild" Video Content as a Special Case of User Generated Content and a System for Its Recognition.

In the five years between 2017 and 2022, IP video traffic tripled, according to Cisco. User-Generated Content (UGC) is mainly responsible for user-generated IP video traffic. The development of widely accessible knowledge and affordable equipment makes it possible to produce UGCs of quality that is practically indistinguishable from professional content, although at the beginning of UGC creation, this content was frequently characterized by amateur acquisition conditions and unprofessional processing.

Nanostructured polyaniline SPME fiber coating for chemical warfare agents analysis.

Nanostructured polyaniline (PANI) was electrochemically obtained as a fiber coating of solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and then used in the analysis of selected organoarsenic and organophosphorus compounds in soil samples. Also, comparative studies of the obtained PANI fibers with seven commercially available fibers for varying miscellaneous polarity, and various absorption and/or adsorption natures, were carried out. Quantitative analysis of environmental samples was performed using a gas chromatograph coupled with a tandem mass spectrometer.

Analysis of the Morphology and Structure of Carbon Deposit Formed on the Surface of NiAl Foils as a Result of Thermocatalytic Decomposition of Ethanol.

This article presents the results of investigations of the morphology and structure of carbon deposit formed as a result of ethanol decomposition at 500 °C, 600 °C, and 700 °C without water vapour and with water vapour (0.35 and 1.1% by volume).

Mass Spectrometry for Investigation of Natural Dyes in Historical Textiles: Unveiling the Mystery behind Safflower-Dyed Fibers.

Safflower ( L.) petals, depending on the nature of a dyeing bath, dye fibers yellow or red. This is due to the presence of two kinds of components, water-soluble yellow colorants and alkali-soluble red compounds.

Acute aquatic toxicity of arsenic-based chemical warfare agents to Daphnia magna.

Sea dumping of chemical warfare (CW) took place worldwide during the 20th century. Submerged CW included metal bombs and casings that have been exposed for 50-100 years of corrosion and are now known to be leaking. Therefore, the arsenic-based chemical warfare agents (CWAs), pose a potential threat to the marine ecosystems.

High resolution model for assessment of contamination by chemical warfare agents dumped in the Baltic Sea.

The leakage of any substances at the sea bottom consequently leads to contamination. The polluted area will strongly depend on the type of pollution which can be dissolved, material and the physical state of the bottom layers. Although the systems that monitor the particles or pollution on the sea surface already exists, there is no similar tool for the bottom area.

Exposure status of sea-dumped chemical warfare agents in the Baltic Sea.

About 50 000 tons of chemical weapons (CW) were dumped to the Baltic Sea after the Second World War. Munitions are located in the deep areas of the Baltic Sea, and there they act as a point source of contamination to the ecosystem. Corroded munitions release chemical warfare agents (CWAs) to nearby water and sediments.

Acute aquatic toxicity of sulfur mustard and its degradation products to Daphnia magna.

Sulphur mustard (HD) was the most widely produced chemical warfare agent (CWA) in the history of chemical warfare (CW). Simultaneously, the loads of HD account as by far the largest fraction of the sea-dumped CW. Nowadays its presence in the marine ecosystems recognized as a serious threat for marine users and maritime industries.

The effects of chemical warfare agent Clark I on the life histories and stable isotopes composition of Daphnia magna.

Chemical warfare agents (CWA) dumped worldwide in all types of aquatic reservoirs pose a potential environmental hazard. Leakage of CWAs from eroding containers at dumping sites had been observed, and their presence in the tissues of aquatic animals was confirmed. However, the ecological effects of CWA have not yet been studied.

Study of Subjective Data Integrity for Image Quality Data Sets with Consumer Camera Content.

We need data sets of images and subjective scores to develop robust no reference (or blind) visual quality metrics for consumer applications. These applications have many uncontrolled variables because the camera creates the original media and the impairment simultaneously. We do not fully understand how this impacts the integrity of our subjective data.

Analysis of samples of explosives excavated from the Baltic Sea floor.

After World War II, conventional and chemical ammunition containing mainly secondary and primary explosives was dumped in the sea. Explosives have medium toxicity to aquatic organisms, earthworms and indigenous soil microorganisms. Therefore, environmental monitoring is required, especially for dumped munitions.

Development of analytical methods used for the study of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene degradation kinetics in simulated sediment samples from the Baltic Sea.

Large amounts of ammunition containing 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and other substances were dumped in the Baltic Sea after WWII. Considering progressive corrosion processes, studying the transformation of TNT occurring in the environment constitutes an important aspect of a possible associated risk. This study focused on the transformations of TNT in simulated conditions of the Baltic Sea bottom sediment.

Development of the HS-SPME-GC-MS/MS method for analysis of chemical warfare agent and their degradation products in environmental samples.

After World War II approximately 50,000 tons of chemical weapons were dumped in the Baltic Sea by the Soviet Union under the provisions of the Potsdam Conference on Disarmament. These dumped chemical warfare agents still possess a major threat to the marine environment and to human life. Therefore, continue monitoring of these munitions is essential.

Preparation and application of sol-gel acrylate and methacrylate solid-phase microextraction fibres for gas chromatographic analysis of organoarsenic compounds.

Novel solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fibres containing methyl, ethyl, butyl acrylate and methacrylate were first prepared by a sol-gel technique and investigated for determination of selected organoarsenic compounds (lewisite, methyldichloroarsine, phenyldichloroarsine, diphenylchloroarsine and triphenylarsine) from water samples. The influence of sorption and desorption temperature and time for extraction efficiency were examined. The best new fibre coatings (methyl acrylate (MA), methyl methacrylate (MMA) and combination of methyl acrylate and methacrylate (MA/MMA)) for analysis of organoarsenic compounds were selected and compared with commercial fibres.

Determination of mustard gas hydrolysis products thiodiglycol and thiodiglycol sulfoxide by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry after trifluoroacetylation.

A method for detecting mustard gas degradation products thiodiglycol (TDG) and thiodiglycol sulfoxide (TDGO) in water and sediment samples using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) after derivatization with 1-(trifluoroacetyl)imidazole (TFAI) was described. Selected reaction monitoring mode (SRM) of tandem mass spectrometry was developed for analysis of TDG and TDGO derivatives while analysis by gas chromatography-atomic emission detector (GC-AED) was performed using the 181 nm sulfur canal. TFAI derivatization conditions were optimized and the method validated.