The Ketogenic Effect of SGLT-2 Inhibitors-Beneficial or Harmful?

Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors, also called gliflozins or flozins, are a class of drugs that have been increasingly used in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) due to their glucose-lowering, cardiovascular (CV), and renal positive effects. However, recent studies suggest that SGLT-2 inhibitors might also have a ketogenic effect, increasing ketone body production. While this can be beneficial for some patients, it may also result in several potential unfavorable effects, such as decreased bone mineral density, infections, and ketoacidosis, among others.

Del Nido cardioplegia as a safe and effective method of myocardial protection in adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery: a single‑center experience.

Background: Del Nido (DN) cardioplegia is increasingly popular in adult cardiac surgery. It allegedly allows for up to 90 minutes of safe myocardial ischemia with a single dose.

Aims: We aimed to evaluate the benefits of DN cardioplegia.