Male-female differences following concomitant coronary artery bypass grafting and aortic valve replacement surgery.

Aims: Combined coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and aortic valve replacement (AVR), and female sex are associated with increased perioperative mortality in clinical risk scores. This study investigated male-female differences in short-term outcome stratified by age groups.

Methods And Results: All patients undergoing AVR and CABG between January 2001 and June 2021 at our institution were included.

Exponentially Small Cosmological Constant in String Theory.

We construct a supersymmetric vacuum of string theory in which the magnitude of the vacuum energy is <10^{-123} in Planck units. The mechanism that we introduce generates a well-controlled exponential hierarchy from an appropriate choice of the quantized parameters in the superpotential. Our approach provides a new angle on the cosmological constant problem.

Vacua with Small Flux Superpotential.

We describe a method for finding flux vacua of type IIB string theory in which the Gukov-Vafa-Witten superpotential is exponentially small. We present an example with W_{0}≈2×10^{-8} on an orientifold of a Calabi-Yau hypersurface with (h^{1,1},h^{2,1})=(2,272), at large complex structure and weak string coupling.