Detecting host responses to microbial stimulation using primary epithelial organoids.

The intestinal epithelium is constantly exposed to microbes residing in the lumen. Traditionally, the response to microbial interactions has been studied in cell lines derived from cancerous tissues, e.g.

Optimizing Screening for Colorectal Cancer: An Algorithm Combining Fecal Immunochemical Test, Blood-Based Cancer-Associated Proteins and Demographics to Reduce Colonoscopy Burden.

Background: Fecal Immunochemical Test (FIT) is widely used in population-based screening for colorectal cancer (CRC). This had led to major challenges regarding colonoscopy capacity. Methods to maintain high sensitivity without compromising the colonoscopy capacity are needed.

Early detection of colorectal neoplasia: application of a blood-based serological protein test on subjects undergoing population-based screening.

Background: Blood-based biomarkers used for colorectal cancer screening need to be developed and validated in appropriate screening populations. We aimed to develop a cancer-associated protein biomarker test for the detection of colorectal cancer in a screening population.

Methods: Participants from the Danish Colorectal Cancer Screening Program were recruited.

Danish Society for Gastroenterology and Hepatology's clinical recommendations for colonoscopic surveillance for colorectal dysplasia and cancer in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

Objectives: We aimed to produce clinical recommendations for colonoscopic surveillance for dysplasia and colorectal cancer in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases.

Materials And Methods: The Danish Society for Gastroenterology and Hepatology convened a committee to assess the literature on colorectal cancer in inflammatory bowel diseases and the effectiveness of colonoscopy surveillance, according to the Oxford Centre for Evidence Based Medicine levels of evidence.

Results: Clinical recommendations for the colonoscopic surveillance for dysplasia and colorectal cancer in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases were produced.

Personalized B cell response to the probiotic in healthy human subjects: a randomized trial.

The specific effects of administering live probiotics in the human gut are not well characterized. To this end, we investigated the immediate effect of GG (LGG) in the jejunum of 27 healthy volunteers 2 h after ingestion using a combination of global RNA sequencing of human biopsies and bacterial DNA sequencing in a multi-visit, randomized, cross-over design (ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT03140878).

Pain perception during colonoscopy in relation to gender and equipment: a clinical study.

Objectives A trend for gender-related differences in pain perception during colonoscopies has previously been observed. No consecutive clinical studies have been conducted to confirm such a relation. We aimed to investigate gender-related differences during the colonoscopy procedure, and the impact of endoscopic equipment and psychological factors on pain management.

G-EYE colonoscopy is superior to standard colonoscopy for increasing adenoma detection rate: an international randomized controlled trial (with videos).

Background And Aims: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is largely preventable with routine screening and surveillance colonoscopy; however, interval cancers arising from precancerous lesions missed by standard colonoscopy still occur. An increased adenoma detection rate (ADR) has been found to be inversely associated with interval cancers. The G-EYE device includes a reusable balloon integrated at the distal tip of a standard colonoscope, which flattens haustral folds, centralizes the colonoscope's optics, and reduces bowel slippage.

Enteroendocrine K and L cells in healthy and type 2 diabetic individuals.

Aims/hypothesis: Enteroendocrine K and L cells are pivotal in regulating appetite and glucose homeostasis. Knowledge of their distribution in humans is sparse and it is unknown whether alterations occur in type 2 diabetes. We aimed to evaluate the distribution of enteroendocrine K and L cells and relevant prohormone-processing enzymes (using immunohistochemical staining), and to evaluate the mRNA expression of the corresponding genes along the entire intestinal tract in individuals with type 2 diabetes and healthy participants.

Impact of feedback and monitoring on colonoscopy withdrawal times and polyp detection rates.

Background: Previous studies have shown colonoscopy withdrawal time (WT) to be a reliable surrogate indicator for polyp detection rate (PDR) and adenoma detection rate (ADR) in colonoscopy. Our aim was to assess the impact of feedback and monitoring of WT on PDR in routine colonoscopies with long-term follow-up.

Materials And Methods: A total of 307 colonoscopies were performed in three separate clinical scenarios.

Protocol Outlines for Parts 1 and 2 of the Prospective Endoscopy III Study for the Early Detection of Colorectal Cancer: Validation of a Concept Based on Blood Biomarkers.

Background: Programs for population screening of colorectal cancer (CRC) have been implemented in several countries with fecal immunochemical testing (FIT) as the preferred platform. However, the major obstacle for a feces-based testing method is the limited compliance that reduces the clinical sensitivity for detection of participants with non-symptomatic CRC. Therefore, research approaches have been initiated to develop screening concepts based on biomarkers in blood.

Biodegradable stents for the treatment of bowel strictures in Crohn's disease: technical results and challenges.

Background And Study Aims: In patients with Crohn's disease, the idea of biodegradable stents for treatment of bowel strictures with limited effect of endoscopic balloon dilation is tempting and initial results have been promising. The aim of this study was to evaluate the technical and clinical success of biodegradable stents for treatment of inflamed Crohn's strictures refractory to endoscopic balloon dilatation.

Patients And Methods: Consecutive patients treated with biodegradable stents due to Crohn's disease and inflamed bowel strictures refractory to endoscopic balloon dilatation were included.

Confocal laser endomicroscopy in ulcerative colitis: a longitudinal study of endomicroscopic changes and response to medical therapy (with videos).

Background And Aims: Confocal laser endomicroscopy enables real-time in vivo microscopy during endoscopy and can predict relapse in patients with inflammatory bowel disease in remission. However, little is known about how endomicroscopic features change with time. The aim of this longitudinal study was to correlate colonic confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) in ulcerative colitis with histopathology and macroscopic appearance before and after intensification of medical treatment.

Confocal laser endomicroscopy: a novel method for prediction of relapse in Crohn's disease.

Background And Study Aims: Confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) has been shown to predict relapse in ulcerative colitis in remission, but little is currently known about its role in Crohn's disease. The aim of this study was to identify reproducible CLE features in patients with Crohn's disease and to examine whether these are risk factors for relapse.

Patients And Methods: This was a single-center prospective feasibility study of CLE imaging in patients with Crohn's disease.

Serial intralesional injections of infliximab in small bowel Crohn's strictures are feasible and might lower inflammation.

Background: Crohn's disease can cause strictures throughout the gastrointestinal tract. Endoscopic balloon dilatation is a well-established treatment, but recurrence is seen in up to three out of four cases. Infliximab is playing an increasingly important role in the modern systemic treatment of severe Crohn's disease.

[Successful endoscopic dilatation of a stenosis in relation to an ileorectal anastomosis by acute ileus].

Endoscopic dilatation is a treatment option for patients with Crohns disease suffering from stenosis in relation to an ileorectal anastomosis. We present a case of a patient with Crohns disease who was admitted with acute obstructive symptoms due to a stensosis of the ileorectal anastomosis. The patient was septic.

The use of double-balloon enteroscopy in retrieving mucosal biopsies from the entire human gastrointestinal tract.

Objective: The aim of this explorative study was to evaluate double-balloon enteroscopy (DBE) as a new tool for collecting mucosal biopsies from well-defined parts of the entire small and large bowel in patients with type 2 diabetes and in matched healthy subjects.

Material And Methods: Twelve subjects with type 2 diabetes and 12 body mass index and age-matched healthy subjects underwent anterograde and retrograde DBE under nurse-administered propofol sedation on two separate days. We attempted to collect two mucosal biopsies from every 30 cm from pylorus to rectum.

IBD medications during pregnancy and lactation.

IBD often affects patients during their peak reproductive years. Several drugs are available for the treatment of IBD and new drugs are continuously in the pipeline. As long-term administration of medications is often necessary, the safety of drug therapy during pregnancy and breast-feeding needs to be considered in daily clinical practice.

Colonoscopy results are not enhanced by use of magnet endoguide in specialist practice.

Introduction: It is discussed whether the use of a magnetic positioning device (OLYMPUS; UPD (unit of magnetic positioning device)) enhances the success of the colonoscopic procedure. Concern for patient compliance and endoscopic efficiency has been voiced in connection with the implementation of colon cancer screening. UPD has been proposed as a tool for optimization of results and reduction of patient discomfort.

Endoscopic balloon dilatation for Crohn's strictures of the gastrointestinal tract is feasible.

Introduction: Despite optimized medical treatment, Crohn´s disease can cause gastrointestinal (GI) strictures, which requires surgical intervention. Lately, endoscopic balloon dilatation has been established as an alternative to surgery. In the following, we report our experiences with endoscopic dilatation of strictures in the gastrointestinal tract caused by Crohn´s disease.

[Modest risk of phosphate nephropathy by bowel cleansing].

Acute phosphate nephropathy is a rare, but serious adverse event associated with the use of sodium phosphate for bowel cleansing. It may lead to permanent renal impairment and a need for dialysis. The aetiology is hyperphosphataemia caused by intestinal absorption of the cleanser.

The safety of osmotically acting cathartics in colonic cleansing.

Efficient cleansing of the colon before a colonoscopy or a radiological examination is essential. The osmotically acting cathartics (those given the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical code A06AD) currently used for this purpose comprise products based on three main substances: sodium phosphate, combinations of polyethylene glycol and electrolyte lavage solutions (PEG-ELS), and magnesium citrate. All these preparations give adequate cleansing results and have similar profiles in terms of the frequency and type of mild to moderate adverse effects.

Double-balloon endoscopy: who needs it?

Objective: Double-balloon endoscopy (DBE) made the small bowel accessible to inspection and therapy in its entirety. However, DBE is a time-consuming procedure that requires a highly skilled endoscopist, several nurses and--more often than not--anesthesiological support. This makes the selection of patients for DBE a pivotal point.

[Double balloon endoscopy: a new method for diagnosis and treatment of small bowel diseases].

Double balloon endoscopy (DBE) is a new method that enables endoscopy of the entire small intestine. The indications are primarily diagnosis and therapy of obscure gastrointestinal bleeding, Crohn's disease, tumours and polyps. The endoscope and procedure is described and an overview of the indications and experience with DBE is given based on a literature review.

[Double-balloon endoscopy for diagnosis and treatment of small bowel diseases. The first Danish experiences with 31 patients].

Introduction: Double-balloon endoscopy (DBE) is a novel technique for diagnosis and treatment of small bowel diseases. This study describes the first Danish experiences with DBE.

Materials And Methods: Retrospective study of 31 consecutive patients examined with DBE at Gentofte Hospital from March 2004 to September 2006.