Effects of ketogenic diet and ketone monoester supplement on acute alcohol withdrawal symptoms in male mice.

Rationale: After alcohol ingestion, the brain partly switches from consumption of glucose to consumption of the alcohol metabolite acetate. In heavy drinkers, the switch persists after abrupt abstinence, leading to the hypothesis that the resting brain may be "starved" when acetate levels suddenly drop during abstinence, despite normal blood glucose, contributing to withdrawal symptoms. We hypothesized that ketone bodies, like acetate, could act as alternative fuels in the brain and alleviate withdrawal symptoms.

Use of ketogenic diets in the treatment of central nervous system diseases: a systematic review.

Background: Studies have consistently shown that patients with epilepsy could benefit from ketogenic diets (KDs). Recent evidence suggests that KD could be used in the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) diseases. The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the use and efficacy of KD, modified Atkins diet (MAD) and medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) diet in infants, children, adolescents, and adults with CNS diseases.

Varicocele Is Associated with Impaired Semen Quality and Reproductive Hormone Levels: A Study of 7035 Healthy Young Men from Six European Countries.

Background: Present knowledge on the impact of varicoceles on testicular function is largely based on studies of subfertile and infertile men, making it difficult to extrapolate the impact of varicocele on the general population.

Objective: To describe associations between varicocele and testicular function assessed by semen analysis and reproductive hormones in men from the general population.

Design, Setting, And Participants: A cross-sectional multicentre study of 7035 young men, median age 19 yr, from the general population in six European countries (Denmark, Finland, Germany, Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania) were investigated from 1996 to 2010.