Mass Cytometry Reveals Classical Monocytes, NK Cells, and ICOS+ CD4+ T Cells Associated with Pembrolizumab Efficacy in Patients with Lung Cancer.

Purpose: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have revolutionized the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but predictive biomarkers of their efficacy are imperfect. The primary objective is to evaluate circulating immune predictors of pembrolizumab efficacy in patients with advanced NSCLC.

Experimental Design: We used high-dimensional mass cytometry (CyTOF) in baseline blood samples of patients with advanced NSCLC treated with pembrolizumab.

Immune checkpoint inhibitor induced thyroid dysfunction is a frequent event post-treatment in NSCLC.

Introduction: Thyroid dysfunction is the most frequent endocrine immune related adverse event (irAE) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), typically arising 3-6 months into immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy, but arising after ICI cessation, in some cases. Due to limited post-treatment adverse event reporting requirements on ICI trials, the incidence of ICI-induced thyroid dysfunction arising after therapy is unclear. We investigated ICI-induced thyroid dysfunction in a cohort of 294 NSCLC patients, with a specific focus on the post-treatment setting.

Mutational landscape influences immunotherapy outcomes among patients with non-small-cell lung cancer with human leukocyte antigen supertype B44.

Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B has been recognized as a major determinant of discrepancies in disease outcomes, and recent evidence indicates a role in immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) efficacy. The B44 supertype, which features an electropositive binding pocket that preferentially displays peptides with negatively charged amino acid anchors, is associated with improved survival in ICB-treated melanoma. Yet this effect was not seen in ICB-treated non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).