Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) is a complex and multifaceted approach to modulating brain activity and holds the potential for broad accessibility. This work discusses the mechanisms of the four distinct approaches to modulating brain activity non-invasively: electrical currents, magnetic fields, light, and ultrasound. We examine the dual stochastic and deterministic nature of brain activity and its implications for NIBS, highlighting the challenges posed by inter-individual variability, nebulous dose-response relationships, potential biases and neuroanatomical heterogeneity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMany brain-computer interfaces require a high mental workload. Recent research has shown that this could be greatly alleviated through machine learning, inferring user intentions via reactive brain responses. These signals are generated spontaneously while users merely observe assistive robots performing tasks.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnnu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc
July 2022
Early detection of a deficit in vigilant attention can allow for user notification or intervention. In this paper, Electrophysiological correlates of vigilant attention from a random-dot motion task were explored. Using only frontal (Fz) and parietal (Pz) EEG channels, spectral features of response time were determined.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnnu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc
July 2020
Studies have shown the possibility of using brain signals that are automatically generated while observing a navigation task as feedback for semi-autonomous control of a robot. This allows the robot to learn quasi-optimal routes to intended targets. We have combined the subclassification of two different types of navigational errors, with the subclassification of two different types of correct navigational actions, to create a 4-way classification strategy, providing detailed information about the type of action the robot performed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Neurosci
February 2020
Studies have established that it is possible to differentiate between the brain's responses to observing correct and incorrect movements in navigation tasks. Furthermore, these classifications can be used as feedback for a learning-based BCI, to allow real or virtual robots to find quasi-optimal routes to a target. However, when navigating it is important not only to know we are moving in the right direction toward a target, but also to know when we have reached it.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnnu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc
July 2017
In this paper muscle and gyroscope signals provided by a low cost EEG headset were used to classify six different facial expressions. Muscle activities generated by facial expressions are seen in EEG data recorded from scalp. Using the already present EEG device to classify facial expressions allows for a new hybrid brain-computer interface (BCI) system without introducing new hardware such as separate electromyography (EMG) electrodes.
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