Tofacitinib Adherence and Outcomes in Refractory Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Background: Tofacitinib has been approved for moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis and studied in Crohn's disease. Understanding medication adherence to oral medications in severe disease is essential.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed adherence and real-world outcomes of inflammatory bowel disease patients who initiated tofacitinib at a single care center.

Fungal Diversity of Selected Habitat Specific Species (Orchidaceae) in the Central Highlands of Madagascar.

About 90% of species are endemic to the biodiversity hotspot of Madagascar. This terrestrial habitat-specific genus received little study for fungal diversity to support conservation. We evaluated the diversity of culturable fungi of 11 species and soil characteristics from six sites spanning a >40 km radius in and along the region's inselbergs.

Diversity of root-associated culturable fungi of (Orchidaceae) in relation to soil characteristics.

(L.) Rich., Red Helleborine, is a widespread orchid in Europe but known only from three very small populations in England.

Collecting near mature and immature orchid seeds for ex situ conservation: 'in vitro collecting' as a case study.

Background: Lack of phenological information and efficient collecting methods are considered impediments for orchid seed collecting. This leads to opportunistic collecting as part of general seed collecting schedules that may last few weeks especially in remote areas. The study explored the feasibility of collecting near mature and immature seeds to support conservation action plans.

Adaptation in Arctic circumpolar communities: food and water security in a changing climate.

The AMAP Human Health Assessment Group has developed different adaptation strategies through a long-term collaboration with all Arctic countries. Different adaptation strategies are discussed, with examples mainly from native population groups in Alaska.

Washeteria closures, infectious disease and community health in rural Alaska: a review of clinical data in Kivalina, Alaska.

Background: Kivalina is a northwest Alaska barrier island village of 400 people vulnerable to storm surges exacerbated recently by delayed winter sea and shore ice formation. The village has no in-home piped water or sewage; the "washeteria" is the only structure providing public showers, laundry facilities and flush toilets. In October 2004, a storm damaged the washeteria septic system resulting in prolonged facility closures.