Depression and anxiety management in cirrhosis.

Depressive and anxiety symptoms are more prevalent in patients with cirrhosis compared to the general population. Between 2009 and 2019, the prevalence of depression in cirrhosis increased by 80%, while the prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder increased by over 400%. When present, anxiety and depression are linked to lower health-related quality of life, more severe symptoms (eg, fatigue), and poorer response to medical treatment.

Gut microbiome profiles to exclude the diagnosis of hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis.

Patients with cirrhosis who have cognitive complaints are presumed to have hepatic encephalopathy (HE), which leads to unwarranted medications while ignoring the underlying disease process causing these complaints. Since neuropsychological testing, the current gold standard for HE diagnosis, is not readily available, an orderable test is needed. We aimed to develop and validate a rapid gut microbiota test to exclude HE and determine stakeholder input on this approach.

Lung endothelium exploits susceptible tumor cell states to instruct metastatic latency.

In metastasis, cancer cells travel around the circulation to colonize distant sites. Due to the rarity of these events, the immediate fates of metastasizing tumor cells (mTCs) are poorly understood while the role of the endothelium as a dissemination interface remains elusive. Using a newly developed combinatorial mTC enrichment approach, we provide a transcriptional blueprint of the early colonization process.

Hospital Utilization for Patients With Cirrhosis and Severe Ascites in a Model of Outpatient Paracentesis by Interventional Radiology.

Background:  Paracentesis is currently performed by interventional radiologists (IR) rather than gastroenterologists/hepatologists or internists. In this model of care, there is usually no evaluation of patients' renal function or adjustment of their medications at the time of paracentesis. The objectives of this study were to analyze hospital utilization and cirrhosis complications within six months of index outpatient paracentesis by IR and to identify potential areas of improvement in care.

Genome stability assessment of PRRS vaccine strain with new ARTIC-style sequencing protocol.

A tiling amplicon sequencing protocol was developed to analyse the genome sequence stability of the modified live PRRSV vaccine strain, Porcilis MLV. The backbone of the ARTIC-style protocol was formed by 34 individual primer pairs, which were divided into two primer pools. Primer pairs were designed to amplify 532 to 588 bp fragments of the corresponding genomic region.

Spatiotemporal Distribution of PRRSV-1 Clades in Hungary with a Focus on the Era of Disease Eradication.

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is the cause of the most severe economic losses in the pig industry worldwide. PRRSV is extremely diverse in Europe, which poses a significant challenge to disease control within a country or any region. With the combination of phylogenetic reconstruction and network analysis, we aimed to uncover the major routes of the dispersal of PRRSV clades within Hungary.

Deep Sequencing of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus ORF7: A Promising Tool for Diagnostics and Epidemiologic Surveillance.

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a major concern worldwide. Control of PRRSV is a challenging task due to various factors, including the viral diversity and variability. In this study, we evaluated an amplicon library preparation protocol targeting the ORF7 region of both PRRSV species, and .

Transmission Dynamics of Imported Vaccine-Origin PRRSV-2 within and between Commercial Swine Integrations in Hungary.

This study reports on the molecular epidemiology of Ingelvac-PRRS-MLV-associated cases in Hungary for the period 2020-2021. Field epidemiology investigations led the experts to conclude that imported pigs, which were shipped through transit stations in Denmark, introduced the vaccine virus. The movement of fatteners and the neglect of disease control measures contributed to the spread of the virus to PRRS-free pig holdings in the vicinity.

Genomic Epidemiology and Evolution of Fowl Adenovirus 1.

Fowl adenovirus 1 (FAdV-1) is the main cause of gizzard erosion in chickens. Whole genome sequencing and sequence analyses of 32 FAdV-1 strains from a global collection provided evidence that multiple recombination events have occurred along the entire genome. In gene-wise phylogenies, only the adenoviral pol gene formed a tree topology that corresponded to whole genome-based phylogeny.

Sampling Strategies in PRRS Elimination in Hungary: An Observational Study Involving Four Farrow-to-Finish Swine Herds.

PRRS elimination strategies often rely on depopulation-repopulation. However, this approach is accompanied by a long-term loss of production. With adequate control measures, such as well-designed immunization programs and technological changes along with prevalence-based laboratory testing, the virus-free status of the most vulnerable age groups in swine herds can be achieved.

Corrigendum: Genetic diversity of imported PRRSV-2 strains, 2005-2020, Hungary.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.

Genetic diversity of imported PRRSV-2 strains, 2005-2020, Hungary.

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus 2 (PRRSV-2) remains sporadic in Europe. In this study, we investigated the molecular epidemiology of PRRSV-2 infections encompassing 15 years in Hungary. Partial (423 bp long) ORF5 sequences ( = 44) from 20 Hungarian pig herds were analyzed.

A novel gyrovirus in a common pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) with poult enteritis and mortality syndrome.

A novel gyrovirus was detected in an intestinal specimen of a common pheasant that died due to poult enteritis and mortality syndrome. The genome of the pheasant-associated gyrovirus (PAGyV) is 2353 nucleotides (nt) long and contains putative genes for the VP1, VP2, and VP3 proteins in an arrangement that is typical for gyroviruses. Gyrovirus-specific motifs were identified in both the coding region and the intergenic region of the PAGyV genome.

Evaluation of risk factors affecting strongylid egg shedding on Hungarian horse farms.

In Hungary, equine parasite control is mostly based on traditional approaches involving rotational anthelmintic treatment at regular intervals. Almost no farms utilize fecal egg counts (FECs) on a regular basis to guide deworming treatments. This approach is certainly not sustainable and is the major factor responsible for the current high levels of anthelmintic resistance.

Genomic Epidemiology and Evolution of Duck Hepatitis A Virus.

Duck hepatitis A virus (DHAV), an avian picornavirus, causes high-mortality acute disease in ducklings. Among the three serotypes, DHAV-1 is globally distributed, whereas DHAV-2 and DHAV-3 serotypes are chiefly restricted to Southeast Asia. In this study, we analyzed the genomic evolution of DHAV-1 strains using extant GenBank records and genomic sequences of 10 DHAV-1 strains originating from a large disease outbreak in 2004-2005, in Hungary.

Genome sequencing of a novel variant of fowl adenovirus B reveals mosaicism in the pattern of homologous recombination events.

We determined the genomic sequence of a Ukrainian strain of fowl adenovirus B (FAdV-B). The isolate (D2453/1) shared 97.2% to 98.

Evaluation and Management of Esophageal and Gastric Varices in Patients with Cirrhosis.

Variceal bleeding is a complication of cirrhosis that defines decompensation. Important advances in the management of gastroesophageal varices have led to a significant decrease in the morbidity and mortality. Achieving these results in clinical practice is contingent on clinicians applying the best practice strategies and appropriate referral to a tertiary center.

Substance Use Disorders in Recently Hospitalized Patients With Cirrhosis.

Objectives: Cirrhosis is often a consequence of substance use disorders (SUD) and can lead to significant morbidity, mortality, and hospitalizations. We aimed to determine presence and impact of SUD in recently hospitalized patients with cirrhosis, which has not been previously described.

Methods: This is a retrospective study of consecutive patients with cirrhosis seen at a post-discharge hepatology clinic.

Pathophysiology of Hepatic Encephalopathy.

Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is one of the major clinical decompensations of cirrhosis, with a high impact on health care resource utilization and cost. For an effective and comprehensive management of HE, the clinicians need to understand the pathophysiologic mechanisms of HE. This review describes the multiorgan processes involved in HE and how several HE precipitants and treatment strategies act on ammonia production, excretion, and neurotoxicity, including the impact of diabetes and use of cannabinoids.

Being accompanied to liver discharge clinic: An easy measure to identify potential liver transplant candidates among those previously considered ineligible.

Background: Patients with cirrhosis deemed ineligible for liver transplantation are usually followed in general hepatology or gastroenterology clinics, with the hope of re-evaluation once they meet the appropriate criteria. Specific strategies to achieve liver transplant eligibility for these patients have not been studied.

Aim: To assess clinical and sociodemographic factors associated with future liver transplant eligibility among patients initially considered ineligible.