Global Transcriptomic Profiling of Innate and Adaptive Immunity During Aspergillus flavus Endophthalmitis in a Murine Model.

Purpose: Fungal endophthalmitis is characterized by chronic inflammation leading to the partial or complete vision loss. Herein, we analyzed the transcriptomic landscape of Aspergillus flavus (A. flavus) endophthalmitis in C57BL/6 mice to understand the host-pathogen interactions.

A Novel and Low-cost Approach for Intravitreal Injection in an Experimental Model of Endophthalmitis.

Purpose: Animal models are necessary in understanding the pathogenesis of endophthalmitis and are also necessary to assist the development of new therapeutics for this sight-threatening ocular inflammation. Hamilton syringes are usually preferred to inject pathogens when performing experiments on test subjects, however, this method has technical and financial disadvantages. In this study, we report the findings and assess the related benefits of applying a novel low-cost intravitreal injection technique to initiate endophthalmitis in a mouse model while using the Eppendorf tip and a 26G needle.

Aquaporin 5-in Extracellular Vesicles of Human Vitreous as a Potential Marker for Fungal Endophthalmitis.

Purpose: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid-bilayered nanoparticles that play an important role in cellular cross-talk, and as received attention for their role as diseases biomarker. Aquaporin-5 (AQP5) is a small integral membrane protein that help in the migration of cells, proliferation, and invasion. However, the association of AQP5 with fungal diseases is still unknown.

Proteomic profiling of extracellular vesicles derived from ARPE-19 cells challenged with Aspergillus flavus and Candida albicans: application in fungal endophthalmitis.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized-particles that play an important role in cellular cross-talk. The aim of this study was to understand the proteomic cargo of EVs, released by Retinal Pigment Epithelial (RPE) cells challenged with Candida albicans (C-CA) and Aspergillus flavus (C-AF). EVs were isolated from culture supernatant of retinal cells infected with fungal pathogens and characterized by dynamic light scattering, SEM, and western blot.

Proteomic profiling of aspergillus flavus endophthalmitis derived extracellular vesicles in an in-vivo murine model.

Unlabelled: Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) play pivotal roles in cell-to-cell communication, and are involved in potential pathological and physiological cellular processes. The aim of this study was to understand the proteomic cargo of these vesicles, in a murine model of Aspergillus flavus (AF) endophthalmitis. EVs were isolated from A.

Recent Advances and Ongoing Challenges in the Diagnosis of Culture Negative Endophthalmitis.

Background: Culture negative (CN) but presumed infectious endophthalmitis poses a huge diagnostic challenge in terms of clinical management. This article outlines the current state of knowledge of infectious endophthalmitis with negative cultures and summarizes the recommendations for the work up of this condition along with providing a simple algorithm, by putting into context the recent concerns about over-diagnosing endophthalmitis.

Methods: We searched the PubMed and Scopus databases for large hospital based studies on diagnosis of endophthalmitis, with emphasis on culture-negative infections in October 2021.

Proteomic profiling of exosomes in a mouse model of Candida albicans endophthalmitis.

Exosomes play pivotal roles in intercellular communication, and pathophysiological functions. In this study, we aimed to understand the role of exosomal proteome derived from C. albicans infected mice (C57BL/6) eyeball.

Evaluation of Vitreous Galactomannan and (1, 3) β-D-Glucan Levels in the Diagnosis of Fungal Endophthalmitis in Southern India.

Purpose: To evaluate vitreous Galactomannan(GM) and 1,3 β-D-Glucan (BDG) levels in the diagnosis of fungal endophthalmitis, with emphasis on culture-negative cases.

Methods: Vitreous from 31 clinically suspected fungal endophthalmitis patients and 11 controls were evaluated for GM and BDG using ELISA Kits. The Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves and diagnostic significance was calculated.

Understanding the science of fungal endophthalmitis - AIOS 2021 Sengamedu Srinivas Badrinath Endowment Lecture.

Fungal endophthalmitis is a potentially blinding condition. It is more often reported from Asia, including India. The incidence is lower than bacterial endophthalmitis.

Fungal Endophthalmitis: Analysis of 730 Consecutive Eyes from 7 Tertiary Eye Care Centers in India.

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical and microbiological features of a large cohort with culture-confirmed fungal endophthalmitis across India.

Design: Cross-sectional, hospital-based, retrospective medical record review.

Participants: Seven large tertiary eye care centers from different regions of India.

Differential inflammatory response to Aspergillus flavus and Candida albicans infection in human retinal pigment epithelial cells: Role in treatment of endophthalmitis.

Objective: Fungal endophthalmitis is an emerging vision-threatening complication in tropical countries and the Retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE) are said to play a major role in the retinal pathology. The aim of this study was to compare the immune response of Retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE) challenged with A. flavus and C.

Microglial Response to and : Implications in Endophthalmitis.

is the most common etiology of fungal endophthalmitis in India, while is the causative agent in the West. In this study, we determined the role of microglial cells in evoking an inflammatory response following an infection with and strains isolated from patients with endophthalmitis. Microglia (CHME-3) cells were infected with and and the expression of Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs), cytokines and Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) were assessed at various time intervals.

Targeted High-Throughput Sequencing Identifies Predominantly Fungal Pathogens in Patients with Clinically Infectious, Culture-Negative Endophthalmitis in South India.

To evaluate the clinical utility of high-throughput sequencing (HTS) approach-based analysis of the bacterial and fungal genome in vitreous fluids from patients clinically diagnosed as endophthalmitis, we subjected 75 vitreous fluids from clinically presumed infectious endophthalmitis patients to high-throughput sequencing (Illumina HiSeq 2500) after DNA extraction and amplification of the 16S rRNA for the detection of bacteria, and ITS 2 region for detection of fungal pathogens. As controls, we included vitreous biopsies from 70 patients diagnosed with other non-infectious retinal disorders. Following the construction of the curated microbial genome database and filtering steps to reduce ambiguousness/contaminants from the environment, the paired reads were analyzed.

Trends in microbiological spectrum of endophthalmitis at a single tertiary care ophthalmic hospital in India: a review of 25 years.

Purpose: To determine trends in the microbial spectrum of endophthalmitis over the past 25 years and to review its antibiotic susceptibility patterns over the last 10 years.

Methods: Microbiology records of culture-positive endophthalmitis cases from 1991 to 2015 were reviewed. Additionally, data between 2005 and 2015 was also analyzed for trends in antibiotic susceptibility.