Surgical subspecialist distribution and Social Vulnerability Indices in the inland empire.

Background: Access to surgical specialty care differs based on geographic location, insurance status, and subspecialty type. This study uses the Inland Empire as a model to determine the relationship between Social Vulnerability Indices (SVIs), surgeon sex, and surgical subspecialty distribution.

Methods: 823 census tracts from the Centers for Disease Control's (CDC) SVI 2018 database were compared against 992 surgeons within 30 distinct subspecialties.

[Larval susceptibility of Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus populations to chemical insecticides].

Objective: To evaluate the susceptibility to chemical insecticides of Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes aegypt larvae from areas subjected to control treatments or not.

Methods: Bioassays for diagnostic concentration and multiple concentration were performed for organophosphate and pyrethroid insecticides according to World Health Organization parameters. The susceptibility was assessed for mosquito larvae collected from an area not subjected to chemical control (Campinas, State of S o Paulo, SP) and from other areas (Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, MS, and Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, MT), in Brazil, subjected to such treatments.

A technique for preparing polytene chromosomes from Aedes aegypti (Diptera, Culicinae).

Polytene chromosome preparations were obtained from larval, pupal and adult female Malpighian tubules of Aedes aegypti. The Malpighian tubules of the pupae (0-4 h old) from larvae reared at 20 C provided the best cytogenetic analysis. The interaction of nucleic acids and proteins that influence the spreading of the chromosomes could be reduced with the preparation technique of the sheets submitted to a stronger treatment starting with the hypotony of tissue and successive bathings with acetic acid.

Malpighian tubule polytene chromosomes of Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera, Culicinae).

Dipteran polytene chromosomes provide an excellent model for understanding in species complexes, as well as for structural and functional cytogenetics. The status of species in the Culex pipiens complex is controversial and the use of polytene chromosomes for cytogenetic analysis in the subfamily Culicinae has been difficult because of methodological problems. In this study, Malpighian tubule polytene chromosomes were obtained from young (0 to 12 h, 20 C) and old (20 to 42 h, 28 C) laboratory-bred C.

[Insecticide resistance in Simulium populations (Diptera, Simuliidae)].

Populations of Simulium (Chirostilbia) pertinax Kollar, 1832 from Southern and Southeastern States of Brazil were analyzed for temephos susceptibility considering control historical information and possible resistance. In situ bioassays were carried out for populations from the states of Paraná (Tibaji and Rolândia), Rio de Janeiro (Muriqui) and São Paulo (Barra do Una, Ilhabela and Morungaba). The populations were characterized as susceptible (S) or resistant (R) by submitting larvae in the last instars to an operational concentration (0.