The effect of peri-intraventricular hemorrhage on the auditory pathway of infants.

Objective: To verify the effect of peri-intraventricular hemorrhage on the auditory pathway of preterm infants.

Method: It is a non-concurrent cohort study. This study was conducted in a tertiary public.

Transient evoked otoacoustic emissions and auditory brainstem response in infants with perinatal asphyxia.

Objective: The objective of this study was to verify the effects of perinatal asphyxia on different parts of the auditory system.

Methods: This was a non-concurrent cohort study conducted on a fixed population in a tertiary public hospital. Participants included 181 infants born at term who underwent the transient evoked otoacoustic emission test as a part of a neonatal hearing screening program, with a "pass" result in both ears, and by auditory brainstem response testing.

The importance of retesting the hearing screening as an indicator of the real early hearing disorder.

Introduction: Early diagnosis of hearing loss minimizes its impact on child development. We studied factors that influence the effectiveness of screening programs.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between gender, weight at birth, gestational age, risk factors for hearing loss, venue for newborn hearing screening and "pass" and "fail" results in the retest.

[Assessment of levels of otoacoustic emission response in neonates with perinatal asphyxia].

Objective:: To evaluate the effects of perinatal asphyxia on the level of the response to transient otoacoustic emissions in infants.

Methods:: Otoacoustic emissions in 154 neonates were performed: 54 infants who suffered asphyxia at birth, measured by Apgar score and medical diagnosis, and 100 infants without risk were compared. Scores less than 4 in the first minute and/or less than 6 in the fifth minute were considered as "low Apgar".

Oral changes in individuals undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Introduction: Patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation receive high doses of chemotherapy and radiotherapy, which cause severe immunosuppression.

Objective: To report an oral disease management protocol before and after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Methods: A prospective study was carried out with 65 patients aged>18 years, with hematological diseases, who were allocated into two groups: A (allogeneic transplant, 34 patients); B (autologous transplant, 31 patients).

Could the type of treatment for chronic kidney disease affect the auditory system?

Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is defined as the presence of renal injury that leads to the slow and progressive loss of kidney function.

Aim: To compare audiological tests between patients with CKD receiving different types of treatment.

Material And Method: This was a clinical and experimental study.

Auditory steady state response in hearing assessment in infants with cytomegalovirus.

Objective: To report an infant with congenital cytomegalovirus and progressive sensorineural hearing loss, who was assessed by three methods of hearing evaluation.

Case Description: In the first audiometry, at four months of age, the infant showed abnormal response in Otoacoustic Emissions and normal Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR), with electrophysiological threshold in 30dBnHL, in both ears. With six months of age, he showed bilateral absence of the ABR at 100dBnHL.

Comparison between actual and predicted postoperative stair-climbing test, walk test and spirometric values in patients undergoing lung resection.

Purpose: To assess whether the tests - Forced Expiratory Volume at one second (FEV₁), 6-minute walk test (6MWT) and stair-climbing test (SCT) showed proportional changes after the resection of functioning lung.

Methods: Candidates for pulmonary resection were included. Spirometry, 6MWT and SCT were performed preoperatively (pre) and at least 3 months after surgery (pos).

Pharyngotonsillitis in children: view from a sample of pediatricians and otorhinolaryngologists.

Unlabelled: Acute pharyngotonsillitis is a common upper airway infection in children.

Aim: To analyze opinions and practices of pediatricians and otorhinolaryngologists from Sao Paulo State, Brazil, concerning diagnosis, treatment and prevention of pharyngotonsillitis and their complications in children.

Methods: We randomly selected 1,370 pediatricians and 1,000 otolaryngologists from Sao Paulo State, Brazil.

Patents of drugs extracted from Brazilian medicinal plants.

Background: Plants synthesise a vast repertoire of chemicals with various biological activities. Brazilian enormous botanical diversity facilitates the development of novel ethical drugs for the treatment of diseases in humans.

Objective: To present therapeutic patent applications comprising Brazilian native plants published in the 2003-2008 period in light of legal aspects of patentability of biodiversity and public health concerns.

Alterations in the intestinal wall due to protein malnutrition in rats: evaluation of the rupture strength and the tissue's collagen.

Purpose: To study the effect of protein malnutrition on the intestinal wall of rats by evaluating alterations in the rupture force and dosing tissue collagen in the ileum and distal colon.

Methods: One hundred and twenty rats, that had an average weight of 100g, were used. They received water and a standard diet with 20% protein during 7 days for adaptation to the diet itself and to environmental conditions.

[The large vestibular aqueduct syndrome: a cause of neurosensory dysacusia].

Background: the large vestibular aqueduct syndrome (LVAS) is characterized by the enlargement of the vestibular aqueduct associated with sensorioneural hearing loss. The level of hearing loss varies and may be fluctuant, progressive or sudden. Vestibular symptoms may be present.

Mobile phones: influence on auditory and vestibular systems.

Unlabelled: Telecommunications systems emit radiofrequency, which is an invisible electromagnetic radiation. Mobile phones operate with microwaves (450900 MHz in the analog service, and 1,82,2 GHz in the digital service) very close to the users ear. The skin, inner ear, cochlear nerve and the temporal lobe surface absorb the radiofrequency energy.

Echocardiographic abnormalities in children with obstructive breathing disorders during sleep.

Objectives: To assess cardiac morphology and function by means of echocardiograms of children with obstructed breathing while asleep.

Methods: The study enrolled 40 children of both sexes, aged from 3 to 11 years; 30 of them had obstructed breathing during sleep (group I) and 10 children were healthy controls (group II). The two groups were similar in terms of sex, age, weight and height.

Pharmaceutical excipients and the information on drug labels.

Aim: to evaluate the presence of preservatives, dyes, sweeteners and flavouring substances in 73 pharmaceutical preparations of 35 medicines for oral administration, according to drug labeling information about the excipients.

Methods: 35 medications were selected, both over-the-counter and prescription drugs, marketed in Brazil. The sample included: analgesic/antipyretic, antimicrobial, mucoregulatory, cough and cold, decongestant, antihistamine, bronchodilator, corticosteroid, antiinflammatory and vitamin medications.

Etiology and incidence facial fractures in children and adults.

Unlabelled: Facial trauma has presented an increasing occurrence in the last four decades, due especially to the growth of accidents with automobiles as well as to the urban violence. Both of which continue being the main cause of such traumas.

Aim: To evaluate the features of the population victim of facial trauma as to gender, age, occupation, origin, type of fracture and its cause.

Surgery of frontal sinus fractures: epidemiologic study and evaluation of techniques.

Unlabelled: The frontal sinus trauma is not rare and it is 8% of the facial fractures. It can affect the anterior and/or posterior plates, with or without hitting the nasofrontal duct. It has a large potential of complications and its management still being a controversy.

Hyperactivity and attention deficit syndrome in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: is there improvement with surgical management?

Unlabelled: Neuropsychological disorders are frequently associated with obstructive ventilatory disorders (OVD).

Aim: To analyze the incidence of neuropsychological disorders in Brazilian children with OVD, using a screening questionnaire and to compare the answers given before and after surgery.

Patients And Methods: We studied 30 children with clinical diagnosis of OVD.

Smoking, smoking cessation and otorhinolaryngologists in the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil.

Unlabelled: Otorhinolaryngologists are directly involved in the diagnosis and management of smoking related diseases, including upper airway malignancy. It is important that the specialists have skills to treat smoking and nicotine dependence. It is also known that there are smokers amongst doctors.

Methods for smoking cessation and treatment of nicotine dependence.

Smoking is related to 30% of cancer deaths. It is a risk factor for respiratory tract, esophagus, stomach, pancreas, uterine cervix, kidney and bladder carcinomas. Nicotine induces tolerance and addiction by acting on the central dopaminergic pathways, thus leading to pleasure and reward sensations within the limbic system.

Update in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in children.

The prevalence of OSAS in children is 0.7-3%, with peak incidence in pre-schoolers. It is characterised by partial or complete upper airway obstruction during sleep, causing intermittent hypoxia.

[Pediatricians and sleep-disordered breathing in the child].

Objectives: Assessment of opinions and practices of pediatricians concerning sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) in children.

Methods: Randomly 516 pediatricians were selected in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. A survey mailed to them included questions regarding: their professional profile, knowledge about SDB in childhood, opinions and practices for diagnosis and treatment of these diseases.

[Secretion of middle ear in infants -- occurrence, recurrence and related factors].

Objective: The present study aimed at evaluating the occurrence and recurrence of middle ear secretion and possible associated factors in the first two years of life of 190 newborns and infants, participants in the interdisciplinary prevention, detection, and intervention program at the Clínica de Educação para Saúde of Universidade do Sagrado Coração.

Methods: Newborns and infants were monthly submitted to anamnesis, otoscopy, behavioral hearing assessment using sound instruments and pure tones (pediatric audiometry) and tympanometry.

Results: The results revealed that 68.

[Retrospective analysis of toxicity of eardrops, topical nasal and oropharyngeal medicines, documented in São Paulo, Brazil].

Background: Retrospective analysis of human toxicity files involving topical medicines for treatment of upper airways diseases (eardrops, topical nasal medicines, lozenges, drops and sprays for oropharyngeal affections).

Methods: Thirty-four brands of eardrops, 48 of topical nasal medicines and 22 of tablets, lozenges and sprays for oropharyngeal affections were selected, from a total of 104 products available in Brazil. We analyzed the registries in the electronic database from the Poison Control Centre of São Paulo (CCI-Jabaquara), Brazil, for the period from January 1996 through December 2000.

[Impact of otitis media on language acquisition in children].

Objective: To review the literature concerning the impact of otitis media on language acquisitions in children.

Sources Of Data: Medline. The following keywords were used for searching: otitis media, hearing, language and children.