Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) which make up the fenestrated wall of the hepatic sinusoids, are active scavenger cells involved in blood waste clearance and liver immune functions. Dexamethasone is a synthetic glucocorticoid commonly used in the clinic and as cell culture supplement. However, the response is dependent on tissue, cell type, and cell state.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhage treatment has regained attention due to an increase in multiresistant bacteria. For phage therapy to be successful, phages must reach their target bacteria in sufficiently high numbers. Blood-borne phages are believed to be captured by macrophages in the liver and spleen.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLiver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSEC) are scavenger cells with a remarkably high capacity for clearance of several blood-borne macromolecules and nanoparticles, including some viruses. Endocytosis in LSEC is mainly via the clathrin-coated pit mediated route, which is dynamin-dependent. LSEC can also be a site of infection and latency of betaherpesvirus, but mode of virus entry into these cells has not yet been described.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOxidized albumin (oxHSA) is elevated in several pathological conditions, such as decompensated cirrhosis, acute on chronic liver failure and liver mediated renal failure. Patient derived oxidized albumin was previously shown to be an inflammatory mediator, and in normal serum levels of oxHSA are low. The removal from circulation of oxidized albumins is therefore likely required for maintenance of homeostasis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) are specialized fenestrated scavenger endothelial cells involved in the elimination of modified plasma proteins and tissue turnover waste macromolecules from blood. LSECs also participate in liver immune responses. A challenge when studying LSEC biology is the rapid loss of the in vivo phenotype in culture.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAutofluorescent granules of various sizes were observed in primary human liver endothelial cells (LSECs) upon laser irradiation using a wide range of wavelengths. Autofluorescence was detected in LAMP-1 positive vesicles, suggesting lysosomal location. Confocal imaging of freshly prepared cultures and imaging flow cytometry of non-cultured cells revealed fluorescence in all channels used.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) and Kupffer cells (KCs; liver resident macrophages) form the body's most effective scavenger cell system for the removal of harmful blood-borne substances, ranging from modified self-proteins to pathogens and xenobiotics. Controversies in the literature regarding the LSEC phenotype pose a challenge when determining distinct functionalities of KCs and LSECs. This may be due to overlapping functions of the two cells, insufficient purification and/or identification of the cells, rapid dedifferentiation of LSECs in vitro, or species differences.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTriethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) is commonly used in polymer resin-based dental materials. This study investigated the molecular mechanisms of TEGDMA toxicity by identifying its time- and dose-dependent effects on the proteome of human THP-1 monocytes. The effects of different concentrations (0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOncolytic peptides represent a promising new strategy within the field of cancer immunotherapy. Here we describe the systematic design and evaluation of short antilymphoma peptides within this paradigm. The peptides were tested in vitro and in vivo to identify a lead compound for further evaluation as novel oncolytic immunotherapeutic.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGeneral comprehension of terms and confounding factors associated with in vitro experiments can maximize the potential of in vitro testing of substances. In this systematic review, we present an overview of the terms and methods used to determine low-dose effects of matrix constituents in polymer resin-based dental materials in cell-culture studies and discuss the findings in light of how they may influence the comprehension and interpretation of results. Articles published between 1996 and 2015 were identified by searches in the Scopus, Web of Science, MEDLINE, PubMed, and Embase databases using keywords associated with low-dose effects, polymer resin-based materials, in vitro parameters, and dental materials.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe liver sinusoidal endothelial cell (LSEC) forms the fenestrated wall of the hepatic sinusoid and functions as a control post regulating and surveying the trafficking of molecules and cells between the liver parenchyma and the blood. The cell acts as a scavenger cell responsible for removal of potential dangerous macromolecules from blood, and is increasingly acknowledged as an important player in liver immunity. This review provides an update of the major functions of the LSEC, including its role in plasma ultrafiltration and regulation of the hepatic microcirculation, scavenger functions, immune functions, and role in liver aging, as well as issues that are either undercommunicated or confusingly dealt with in the literature.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLiver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) are specialized scavenger cells that mediate high-capacity clearance of soluble waste macromolecules and colloid material, including blood-borne adenovirus. To explore if LSECs function as a sink for other viruses in blood, we studied the fate of virus-like particles (VLPs) of two ubiquitous human DNA viruses, BK and JC polyomavirus, in mice. Like complete virions, VLPs specifically bind to receptors and enter cells, but unlike complete virions, they cannot replicate.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) is an important mediator in tumor-promoting inflammation. High expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) has been detected in the embryonic childhood tumor neuroblastoma, and treatment with COX inhibitors significantly reduces tumor growth. Here, we have investigated the significance of a high COX-2 expression in neuroblastoma by analysis of PGE(2) production, the expression pattern and localization of PGE(2) receptors and intracellular signal transduction pathways activated by PGE(2).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci
September 2010
Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) play an essential role in systemic waste clearance by effective endocytosis of blood-borne waste macromolecules. We aimed to study LSECs' scavenger function during aging, and whether age-related morphological changes (eg, defenestration) affect this function, in F344/BN F1 rats. Endocytosis of the scavenger receptor ligand formaldehyde-treated serum albumin was significantly reduced in LSECs from old rats.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUnlabelled: Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) are largely responsible for the removal of circulating lysosomal enzymes (LE) via mannose receptor (MR)-mediated endocytosis. We hypothesized that LSECs rely on this uptake to maintain their extraordinarily high degradation capacity for other endocytosed material. Circulatory half-life studies of (125)I-cathepsin-D in MR knockout (MR(-/-)) and wild-type mice, and endocytosis studies in LSEC cultures, showed a total dependence on the MR for effective clearance of cathepsin-D.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground/aims: Bacterial DNA and synthetic oligonucleotides containing unmethylated motifs have become the focus of many studies due to their ability to activate cells of the innate immune system through interaction with Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9). This study was undertaken to investigate if and how CpG-oligonucleotides (CpGs) activate liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs), known to be the main site of clearance of DNA-oligonucleotides from the circulation.
Methods: Expression of TLR9 was analyzed by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry.