Generalized cell phenotyping for spatial proteomics with language-informed vision models.

We present a novel approach to cell phenotyping for spatial proteomics that addresses the challenge of generalization across diverse datasets with varying marker panels. Our approach utilizes a transformer with channel-wise attention to create a language-informed vision model; this model's semantic understanding of the underlying marker panel enables it to learn from and adapt to heterogeneous datasets. Leveraging a curated, diverse dataset with cell type labels spanning the literature and the NIH Human BioMolecular Atlas Program (HuBMAP) consortium, our model demonstrates robust performance across various cell types, tissues, and imaging modalities.

FET PET to differentiate between post-treatment changes and recurrence in high-grade gliomas: a single center multidisciplinary clinic controlled study.

Purpose: The clinico-radiological dilemma in post-treatment high-grade gliomas, between disease recurrence (TR) and treatment-related changes (TRC), still persists. FET (Fluoro-ethyl-tyrosine) PET has been extensively used as problem-solving modality for cases where MR imaging is inconclusive. We incorporated a systematic imaging and clinical follow-up algorithm in a multi-disciplinary clinic (MDC) setting to analyse our cohort of FET PET in post-treatment gliomas.

Deep learning for 3D vascular segmentation in hierarchical phase contrast tomography: a case study on kidney.

Automated blood vessel segmentation is critical for biomedical image analysis, as vessel morphology changes are associated with numerous pathologies. Still, precise segmentation is difficult due to the complexity of vascular structures, anatomical variations across patients, the scarcity of annotated public datasets, and the quality of images. Our goal is to provide a foundation on the topic and identify a robust baseline model for application to vascular segmentation using a new imaging modality, Hierarchical Phase-Contrast Tomography (HiP-CT).

Health-related quality of life of cancer patients: Findings from Western Rajasthan.

Introduction: Cancer is one of the major public health concerns leading to high trends of mortality and morbidity in India. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is an indicator of the sense of well-being applicable, which includes all the domains of physical, social, emotional, and functional well-being. The inferences can strengthen the palliative care needs of patients.

Intramuscular Hydatid Cyst of the Thigh: A Rare Presentation in an Elderly Patient.

Intramuscular hydatid cysts are an uncommon presentation of echinococcosis, with most cases occurring in the liver and lungs. This case report describes an 81-year-old male who presented with a painless, progressively enlarging swelling in the right thigh noticed over the past year. The patient's history included trauma to the area from an animal-related incident five years earlier.

Vasculature segmentation in 3D hierarchical phase-contrast tomography images of human kidneys.

Efficient algorithms are needed to segment vasculature in new three-dimensional (3D) medical imaging datasets at scale for a wide range of research and clinical applications. Manual segmentation of vessels in images is time-consuming and expensive. Computational approaches are more scalable but have limitations in accuracy.

A Computed Tomography (CT)-Based Observational Study of Anatomical Variations in the Sphenoid Sinus: Implications for Surgical Planning and Patient Outcomes.

Introduction:  The sphenoid sinus (SS), a paired paranasal sinus located within the sphenoid bone, is crucial in various physiological and pathological processes. Its anatomical variations are of significant interest in clinical practice, particularly in otolaryngology, neurosurgery, and radiology. This study aims to determine the anatomical variations of the SS and related structures using computed tomography (CT).

Willingness to pay for a tobacco-free life: a contingent valuation assessment.

Tobacco, being an established risk factor for significant mortality and morbidity, causes over 7 million annual deaths globally. India is a country with over 270 million active tobacco users. On the one hand, although the willingness to quit amongst tobacco users is as high as 55.

Future-proofing genomic data and consent management: a comprehensive review of technology innovations.

Genomic information is increasingly used to inform medical treatments and manage future disease risks. However, any personal and societal gains must be carefully balanced against the risk to individuals contributing their genomic data. Expanding our understanding of actionable genomic insights requires researchers to access large global datasets to capture the complexity of genomic contribution to diseases.

Increased Taxes and Regulation of Indian Cigarillos (Bidi) Industry: Effects on Revenue and Years of Life Lost.

Introduction: Indian cigarillos (bidi) are low-cost alternatives to cigarettes with only 22% imposed taxes, and turnover of up to INR 4 million per annum exempted from taxation.

Aims And Methods: This paper estimates revenue implications and potential loss of life years (YLLs) averted if the bidi industry is subjected to increased regulations and taxation. Revenue estimates at 10% increased regulation and 100% regulation were calculated, followed by estimates at taxes equivalent to cigarettes and World Health Organization-Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO-FCTC) recommendation.

Human BioMolecular Atlas Program (HuBMAP): 3D Human Reference Atlas Construction and Usage.

The Human BioMolecular Atlas Program (HuBMAP) aims to construct a reference 3D structural, cellular, and molecular atlas of the healthy adult human body. The HuBMAP Data Portal (https://portal.hubmapconsortium.

Navigating Abdominal Volvulus: A Comprehensive Review of Management Strategies.

Abdominal volvulus represents a critical condition characterized by the abnormal twisting of the GI tract, potentially leading to obstruction and vascular compromise. Prompt recognition and appropriate management are essential to prevent complications and improve patient outcomes. This comprehensive review examines the anatomy, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and diagnostic evaluation of, and management strategies for abdominal volvulus.

Epidemiology of heart failure in rural Chhattisgarh, India.

Background Cardiovascular diseases, including heart failure (HF), are leading causes of death and disability in India. However, most studies in India only include urban populations or rural regions with improved access and may not represent the poorest patients or regions. We studied the epidemiology of HF patients admitted to a secondary care hospital in rural Chhattisgarh, India.

Can 18 F FDG PET/CT metabolic parameters be used to noninvasively differentiate between different histopathological subtypes and Fuhrman grades of renal cell cancer?

Aim: To evaluate relationship between metabolic PET metabolic parameters and size of the primary tumor, various histopathological subtypes of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and Fuhrman grade of the tumors.

Material And Methods: Retrospective analysis of 93 biopsy-proven RCC patients who underwent pretreatment flourine 18 flourodeoxyglucose PET/computed tomography ( 18 F FDG PET/CT) was performed. Quantitative PET parameters, size of the primary tumor, histopathological subtypes and Fuhrman grades of the tumor were extracted.

N-Butyl cyanoacrylate embolization of an extremely rare variant of sequestration complex - a high-flow left-to-left shunt between systemic artery and pulmonary vein.

Unlabelled: A 19-year-old female presented with hemoptysis. Computed tomography (CT) pulmonary angiography revealed aberrant vessels from descending thoracic aorta, draining into pulmonary veins (left-to-left shunt). She was managed by transcatheter embolization of the aberrant vessels using N-butyl cyanoacrylate (NBCA) with balloon occlusion.

Revolutionising Breast Surgery: A Comprehensive Review of Robotic Innovations in Breast Surgery and Reconstruction.

Robotic innovations in breast surgery have ushered in a new era of precision, safety, and patient-centred care. This comprehensive review explores the multifaceted realm of robotic breast surgery, from preoperative planning to postoperative outcomes, learning curves for surgeons, and the implications for healthcare policies. We examine the ethical considerations, cost-effectiveness, and future directions, including integrating artificial intelligence and telesurgery.