Publications by authors named "Jain Sandeep"
Introduction: This study investigated the efficacy of pooled human immune globulins (Flebogamma DIF) to combat the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and NETosis, along with neutrophil adhesion to corneal epithelial cells in response to dry eye disease relevant stimuli.
Methods: Human neutrophils were isolated by bead-based immunomagnetic depletion of non-target cells from human whole blood. NETosis was induced using phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) or anti-citrullinated histone 4 R3 antibody (H4R3 ACPA).
Introduction: A shift in policy has occurred with the introduction of molecular diagnostic tools for the upfront diagnosis of all cases of tuberculosis, including drug-resistant tuberculosis. The impact of this shift in policy on severity of disease was studied, and comparisons were drawn between the year 2015 and 2020.
Study Type And Design: This was an observational study conducted between 2020 and 2021.
Purpose: To investigate healthcare disparities associated with keratoconus (KCN) patients receiving treatment (corneal cross-linking [CXL] and keratoplasty), as well as comorbidities associated with KCN.
Design: Retrospective clinical cohort study.
Methods: A total of 3224 patients from the University of Illinois Hospital & Health Sciences System (UI-Health) database from 2020 to 2024 were examined, including 1612 patients with an International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision diagnosis of KCN, and 1612 ophthalmology patients as a control group.
Background: Implementation of evidence-based guidelines in patient care is inefficient. Only 14% of new research are routinely adopted into clinical practice. The atrial fibrillation (AF) practice guidelines recommend anticoagulation in men with a CHADS-VASc score greater than or equal to 2 and in women with a CHADS-VASc score greater than or equal to 3.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (DD) is associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes including atrial fibrillation. Whether DD is independently associated with incident stroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA) and with bleeding events is not known. We performed this observational cohort analysis to examine the impact of DD on the risk of stroke/TIA and major bleeding.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: Real-world studies comparing safety and efficacy of combined percutaneous left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) and catheter ablation (CA) to LAAO alone are limited.
Methods: Patients from a large US hospital system undergoing combined LAAO and left-atrial CA from 8/2020 to 2/2024 were retrospectively analyzed and compared to a control group undergoing LAAO alone. Controls were identified using a 1:2 propensity score match based on LAAO device type (Watchman FLX vs.
Article Synopsis
- Ocular predominant mucous membrane pemphigoid (oMMP) is a severe condition that can lead to scarring and blindness; diagnosing it is challenging due to a high false-negative rate (up to 40%) in conjunctival biopsies that use direct immunofluorescence (DIF).
- Serologic testing offers a less invasive diagnostic method but often shows low levels of autoantibodies in oMMP patients, making it less reliable.
- The autoantigens involved, like integrin β4 and BP180, have shown mixed results in their specificity for diagnosing oMMP, prompting a need for better understanding and improvement in serological diagnostic approaches.
Purpose: To evaluate the safety and tolerability of pooled human immune globulins, Flebogamma 5% DIF and Flebogamma 10% DIF, administered by topical ophthalmic instillation to New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits.
Methods: Male NZW rabbits were used in this study. In the acute single dose tolerability study, rabbits (n = 12) received a single topical dose of Flebogamma 5% DIF.
Article Synopsis
- The study investigates how different data sources (like electronic health records, insurance claims, and participant reports) contribute to analyzing clinical outcomes in a pragmatic randomized clinical trial (RCT) involving patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
- Conducted from April 2016 to June 2019, the ADAPTABLE study looked at the effects of daily aspirin doses on certain health events, while comparing participant data availability to enhance understanding of outcome rates.
- The findings revealed a predominance of participant-reported and EHR data, with only a small percentage relying solely on claims data, indicating the need for further study on the varying contributions of each data source to overall clinical results.
Article Synopsis
- The study assessed the long-term effects of weight gain on heart-related issues in over 62,000 adults with atrial fibrillation (AF).
- It found that 43% of these patients gained weight during the follow-up period, with those gaining more weight being younger, more likely to be women, and having lower income.
- Increased weight gain was linked to a higher risk of hospitalization for conditions like heart failure, stroke, and myocardial infarction, signaling that weight management is crucial for patients with AF.
Rapid NETosis Is an Effector Mechanism to Combat Ocular Herpes Infection.
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci
June 2024
Article Synopsis
- Neutrophils play a critical role in the immune response to herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) ocular infections through the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which help combat the virus.
- The study involved analyzing neutrophils from mice and human tear samples to understand the timing and mechanisms of NET formation during HSV-1 infection.
- Findings showed that NET formation is activated quickly through signals like caspase-1 and myeloperoxidase, suggesting that NETs are important for limiting viral spread and might offer new insights for future research on treating viral infections.
Article Synopsis
- The study focuses on predicting major bleeding events in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation who are taking direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs), emphasizing the importance of these predictions for personalized treatment and overall patient care improvements.
- The objective is to compare the effectiveness of machine learning models against traditional bleeding risk scores (like HAS-BLED and ORBIT) in forecasting serious bleeding incidents that require hospitalization.
- Conducted at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center with a cohort of 24,468 patients, the findings revealed that 2.3% experienced bleeding within one year, and the study explored various machine learning models to predict these events, showing only modest improvements over standard methods.
Article Synopsis
- Catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common procedure in electrophysiology, aiming to isolate pulmonary veins, but there is insufficient data on severe complications worldwide.
- A study involved collecting and analyzing data from 23 centers with 33,879 procedures to determine the incidence and management of severe complications during AF ablation.
- The study found that while severe complications like tamponade and stroke have a low incidence, factors like age, gender, and procedure duration play a role in their occurrence; most patients with complications were discharged after about 5 days.
Background: The risk factor (RF) burden, clinical course, and long-term outcome among patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) aged <65 years is unclear.
Methods: Adult (n=67 221; mean age, 72.4±12.
Objective: To perform a longitudinal study for determining the development of ocular graft-versus-host disease (oGVHD) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) and report cases that illustrate the "window of opportunity" concept in oGVHD treatment.
Methods: Patients (n=61) were examined at prescheduled clinic visits before HSCT and three-month intervals after HSCT for 2 years. The presence or absence of oGVHD was determined using the international chronic oGVHD consensus group diagnostic criteria.
Article Synopsis
- * The study analyzed over 19,000 patients with DD, finding that both low and high RHR were associated with an increased risk of hospitalization for AF, indicating a J-shaped relationship.
- * Faster RHR also correlated with a higher rate of all-cause death, suggesting RHR may negatively affect health outcomes in patients with DD, warranting further research into RHR modification as a potential preventive measure for AF.
Objective: We have previously shown that neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are present on the ocular surface of patients with ocular graft versus host disease (oGVHD), contributing to inflammation and surface disease. Therefore, we performed a clinical trial using deoxyribonuclease I (DNAase) eye drops to test the hypothesis that reducing the abundance of NETs from the ocular surface will reduce signs and symptoms of oGVHD.
Methods: A prospective, phase I or II, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-masked clinical trial was performed to determine the safety and preliminary efficacy of DNAase (0.
Background: Left ventricular dysfunction is characterized by systolic and diastolic parameters, leading to heart failure (HF) with reduced or preserved ejection fraction (EF), respectively. The goal of this study is to examine the impact of left ventricular systolic and diastolic dysfunction (DD) on patient outcomes.
Methods And Results: Two cohorts were used in this analysis: Cohort A included 136 455 patients with EF ≥50%, stratified by the presence and grade of DD.
Purpose: To report the outcomes of cataract surgery in patients with ocular graft-versus-host disease (oGVHD) using a novel preoperative immunomodulatory regimen in a collaborative subspecialty care setting.
Methods: Retrospective case series of patients with oGVHD who underwent cataract surgery using a novel preoperative immunomodulatory regimen in a collaborative care setting. A preoperative regimen consisting of pooled human immune globulin 1%, autologous serum 50%, and methylprednisolone 1% eye drops was prescribed.
Article Synopsis
- In patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, increased age is linked to higher risks of both ischemic and bleeding events, prompting a study on the effect of aspirin dosage based on age.
- The ADAPTABLE trial involved nearly 15,100 participants who were randomly assigned to take either 81 mg or 325 mg of aspirin daily, with outcomes measured over an average follow-up of 26.2 months.
- Results indicated that age did not significantly affect how aspirin dosage influenced clinical outcomes, suggesting that both doses are similarly effective for elderly and younger patients in preventing cardiovascular events.
Graphical Presentations in Systemic Anticancer Treatment Network Meta-Analyses: A Systematic Review.
Stud Health Technol Inform
January 2024
Network meta-analysis (NMA) draws conclusions about indirect comparisons of randomized clinical trials and is considered high-level evidence. Most NMA publications make use of network plots to portray results. Network plots are complex graphics that can have many visual attributes to portray useful information, such as node size, color, and graph layout.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNutrients are vital ingredients to boost plant health. The availability of nutrients is limited in fly ash (FA) waste to properly implement phytoremediation. The research explored the integration of microbes and treated wastewater irrigation in phytoremediation to provide the necessary nutrients for plant growth in fly ash-amended soils.
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