Balloon dilation causing tracheal rupture: Endoscopic management and literature review.

A 72-year-old female with a history of idiopathic subglottic tracheal stenosis suffered tracheal rupture during endoscopic balloon dilation. The defect measured 7.5 cm in length, through which the mediastinum was visualized.

Understanding facial nerve paralysis.

Facial nerve paralysis has many causes and can be acute or chronic. Understanding the signs and symptoms, performing a careful patient evaluation, and obtaining appropriate diagnostic testing can help guide clinicians and improve outcomes.