Acute Phytotoxicity and Antifungal Effect of Nanochitosan Particles on Colletotrichum fructicola with Low Susceptibility to Chitosan.

Colletotrichum fungus complex affects several crops and tropical products, which suffer significant losses due to anthracnose. The use of chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs), alone or in combination with bioactive compounds, has been recommend for agronomic applications. However, there is very little information on their phytotoxicity, and there is no information about the effect on microorganisms with low susceptibility to chitosan.

Optimization of the Encapsulation of Vitamin D3 in Oil in Water Nanoemulsions: Preliminary Application in a Functional Meat Model System.

Meat products containing Vitamin D3 (VD3) are an innovative option that could contribute to reducing deficiencies in this micronutrient. Designing nanoemulsions that carry VD3 is the first step in developing functional meat products. Thereby, this study investigated the impact of food components on the nanoemulsion properties.

Physicochemical characterization of pectin and mango peel ( L.) from Mexican cultivars.

In Mexico, about 40 % of the mango harvest is lost due to marketing problems. Moreover, the mango industry generates peel and seed waste that ranges from 35 to 60 % of the total weight of processed fruits. This unexploited mango biomass represents a potential resource for producing value-added by-products.

Study of the Thermal Phase Transition of Poly(-diethylacrylamide---ethylacrylamide) Random Copolymers in Aqueous Solution.

-alkyl-substituted polyacrylamides exhibit a thermal coil-to-globule transition in aqueous solution driven by an increase in hydrophobic interactions with rising temperature. With the aim of understanding the role of -alkyl substituents in the thermal transition, this study focuses on the molecular interactions underlying the phase transition of poly(-diethylacrylamide---ethylacrylamide) random copolymers. Poly(-diethylacrylamide) (PDEAm), poly(-ethylacrylamide) (PNEAm), and their random copolymers were synthesized by free radical polymerization and their chemical structure characterized spectroscopically.

Enzyme-catalyzed transesterification of galactomannan extracted from mesquite seed () with vinyl carboxylate esters.

Galactomannans (GM) are hemicellulosic polysaccharides composed of D-mannopyranose chains linked by β (1 → 4) glycosidic linkages with branches of D-galactopyranose linked by α (1 → 6) linkages. This polysaccharide is recognized for its hydrophilic character, as it is rich in hydroxyl groups (-OH). This chemical characteristic, combined with the absence of ionic charges, enables structural modifications such as transesterification of the fatty acid chains (FA), which provides a strategy for obtaining amphiphilic structures.

Cellular Internalization and Toxicity of Chitosan Nanoparticles Loaded with Nobiletin in Eukaryotic Cell Models ( and ).

This study involved the synthesis and characterization of chitosan nanoparticles loaded with nobiletin (CNpN) and assessed their toxicity and cellular internalization in eukaryotic cell models ( and ). Nanoparticles were prepared via the nanoprecipitation method and physicochemically characterized to determine their hydrodynamic diameter using dynamic light scattering (DLS), their surface charge through ζ-potential measurements, and their chemical structure via Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The hydrodynamic diameter and ζ-potential of chitosan nanoparticles (CNp) and CNpN were found to be 288.

Synthesis and toxicological study of chitosan-pirul (Schinus molle L.) essential oil nanoparticles on Aspergillus flavus.

In recent years, the study of essential oils as antifungal alternatives and their encapsulation to increase their properties for greater effects has been tested. In this work, nanoparticles of chitosan-Schinus molle L. essential oil (CS-PEO-Np) with a size of 260 ± 31.

Biophysical Parameters of Plasma-Derived Extracellular Vesicles as Potential Biomarkers of Bone Disturbances in Breast Cancer Patients Receiving an Individualized Nutrition Intervention.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are implicated in several biological conditions, including bone metabolism disturbances in breast cancer patients (BCPs). These disorders hinder the adjustment of nutrition interventions due to changes in bone mineral density (BMD). The biophysical properties of EVs (e.

Extracellular Vesicles and Their Zeta Potential as Future Markers Associated with Nutrition and Molecular Biomarkers in Breast Cancer.

A nutritional intervention promotes the loss of body and visceral fat while maintaining muscle mass in breast cancer patients. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) and their characteristics can be potential biomarkers of disease. Here, we explore the changes in the Zeta potential of EVs; the content of miRNA-30, miRNA-145, and miRNA-155; and their association with body composition and biomarkers of metabolic risk in breast cancer patients, before and 6 months after a nutritional intervention.

DEAE/Catechol-Chitosan Conjugates as Bioactive Polymers: Synthesis, Characterization, and Potential Applications.

This work provides the first description of the synthesis and characterization of water-soluble chitosan (Cs) derivatives based on the conjugation of both diethylaminoethyl (DEAE) and catechol groups onto the Cs backbone (Cs-DC) in order to obtain a Cs derivative with antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. The degree of substitution [DS (%)] was 35.46% for DEAE and 2.

Sulfated Polysaccharides from : Macromolecular Characteristics and Bioactive Properties.

In the present study, a culture of , a cosmopolitan planktonic diatom microalga present in the Sea of Cortez, was established under controlled laboratory conditions. A sulfated polysaccharide (CMSP) extraction was carried out from the biomass obtained, resulting in a yield of 2.2% (w/w of dry biomass).

Arabinoxylans-Based Oral Insulin Delivery System Targeting the Colon: Simulation in a Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem and Evaluation in Diabetic Rats.

Arabinoxylans (AX) microcapsules loaded with insulin were prepared by enzymatic gelation of AX, using a triaxial electrospray method. The microcapsules presented a spherical shape, with an average size of 250 µm. The behavior of AX microcapsules was evaluated using a simulator of the human intestinal microbial ecosystem.

Relationship between the Antifungal Activity of Chitosan-Capsaicin Nanoparticles and the Oxidative Stress Response on .

The fungus Aspergillus parasiticus is a contaminant in agricultural crops and its eradication involves the indiscriminate use of harmful synthetic pesticides. In the search for antifungal agents of natural origin, chitosan (Q) and capsaicin (C) are coupled in the form of nanoparticles (Np), which can possess a direct application under specific conditions. Due to their small size, Np can cross through the cell wall, taking the cells into a pro-oxidant environment known as “oxidative stress”, which presents when the reactive oxygen species (ROS) surpass the number of antioxidants in the cell.

Consumption of cricket (Acheta domesticus) flour decreases insulin resistance and fat accumulation in rats fed with high-fat and -fructose diet.

The consumption of cricket (Acheta domesticus, AD) has recently increased due to its high nutritional and bioactive compound contents. However, limited studies have explored the beneficial effects of AD consumption. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the protective effect of a diet supplemented with AD flour on obesity control and its complications in an in vivo model.

Chitosan Hydrogels Based on the Diels-Alder Click Reaction: Rheological and Kinetic Study.

The Diels-Alder reaction is recognized to generate highly selective and regiospecific cycloadducts. In this study, we carried out a rheological and kinetic study of -furfuryl chitosan hydrogels based on the Diels-Alder click reaction with different poly(ethylene)glycol-maleimide derivatives in dilute aqueous acidic solutions. It was possible to prepare clear and transparent hydrogels with excellent mechanical properties.

Chitosan Sensitivity of Fungi Isolated from Mango ( L.) with Anthracnose.

In Mexico, the mango crop is affected by anthracnose caused by species. In the search for environmentally friendly fungicides, chitosan has shown antifungal activity. Therefore, fungal isolates were obtained from plant tissue with anthracnose symptoms from the state of Guerrero in Mexico and identified with the ITS and β-Tub genetic markers.

Conformational Behavior, Topographical Features, and Antioxidant Activity of Partly De-Esterified Arabinoxylans.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of arabinoxylans (AX) partial de-esterification with feruloyl esterase on the polysaccharide conformational behavior, topographical features, and antioxidant activity. After enzyme treatment, the ferulic acid (FA) content in AX was reduced from 7.30 to 5.

Synthesis and experimental/computational characterization of sorghum procyanidins-gelatin nanoparticles.

In this research, sorghum procyanidins (PCs) and procyanidin B1 (PB1) were encapsulated in gelatin (Gel) to form nanoparticles as a strategy to maintain their stability and bioactivity and for possible applications as inhibitors of metalloproteinases (MMPs) of the gelatinase type. Encapsulation was carried out by adding either PCs or PB1 to an aqueous solution of A- or B-type Gel (GelA or GelB) at different concentrations and pH. Under this procedure, the nanoparticles PCs-GelA, PCs-GelB, PB1-GelA, and PB1-GelB were synthesized and subsequently characterized by experimental and computational methods.

Interaction of Squid () Mantle Protein with a Mixtures of Potato and Corn Starch in an Extruded Snack, as Characterized by FTIR and DSC.

The majority of snacks expanded by extrusion (SEE) are made with vegetable sources, to improve their nutritional content; it has been proposed to incorporate squid (), due to its high protein content, low price and high availability. However, the interaction of proteins of animal origin with starch during extrusion causes negative effects on the sensory properties of SEE, so it is necessary to know the type of protein-carbohydrate interactions and their effect on these properties. The objective of this research was to study the interaction of proteins and carbohydrates of SEE elaborated with squid mantle, potato and corn.

Chitosan Derivatives: Introducing New Functionalities with a Controlled Molecular Architecture for Innovative Materials.

The functionalization of polymeric substances is of great interest for the development of innovative materials for advanced applications. For many decades, the functionalization of chitosan has been a convenient way to improve its properties with the aim of preparing new materials with specialized characteristics. In the present review, we summarize the latest methods for the modification and derivatization of chitin and chitosan under experimental conditions, which allow a control over the macromolecular architecture.

Acemannan Gels and Aerogels.

The procedures to obtain two types of acemannan (AC) physical gels and their respective aerogels are reported. The gelation was induced by the diffusion of an alkali or a non-solvent, then supercritical CO₂ drying technology was used to remove the solvent out and generate the AC aerogels. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopic analysis indicated that alkali diffusion produced extensive AC deacetylation.

Enzymatic cross-linking of ferulated arabinoxylan: effect of laccase or peroxidase catalysis on the gel characteristics.

Arabinoxylans (AX) gels at 4% (w/v) were prepared using laccase (LAX gels) or peroxidase (PAX gels), and their cross-linking, rheological, structural, and spectroscopic characteristics were investigated. LAX gels presented lower amount of 5,5'-diferulic acid (11%), smaller mesh size (128 nm), and higher hardness (37 N) and elasticity (430 Pa) than the PAX gels (28%, 197 nm, 7 N, and 120 Pa, respectively). Microscopy of the LAX gels showed linked strands, while the system was less connected in the PAX gels.

Production and characterization of supercritical CO dried chitosan nanoparticles as novel carrier device.

The materials produced by the supercritical CO drying have outstanding properties that allow the incorporation of molecules in their porous structure. In this context, dried chitosan nanoparticles including β-lactoglobulin were obtained. First, the nanoparticles in water suspension were produced by ionotropic gelation incorporating the protein with high loading efficiency.

Aerogels from Chitosan Solutions in Ionic Liquids.

Chitosan aerogels conjugates the characteristics of nanostructured porous materials, i.e., extended specific surface area and nano scale porosity, with the remarkable functional properties of chitosan.