[Clinical and molecular characterization of ESBL-producing enterobacteria isolated from bacteremia in a university hospital].

Introduction: Extended-spectrum-β-lactamases (ESBL) are plasmid-encoded enzymes that confer resistance to multiple antimicrobials. ESBL-producing enterobacteria that cause bacteremia limit therapeutic options and increase mortality.

Objective: To perform a clinical and molecular description of bacteremia caused by ESBL-producing enterobacteria.

[Pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009: epidemiology, clinical features and differences with seasonal influenza in Chile].

Unlabelled: Pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 raised questions regarding differences with seasonal influenza.

Objectives: To describe the clinical features of pandemic influenza and compare them to seasonal influenza. PATIENTS Y METHODS: A descriptive study that compared hospitalized adults was done between patients with confirmed pandemic influenza in the Hospital Clínico Universidad Católica in Santiago, Chile, from May to July 2009 and 95 confirmed historic cases of seasonal influenza.

[Epidemiologial profile of invasive candidiasis in intensive care units at a university hospital].

Unlabelled: Invasive candidiasis (IC) epidemiology has changed in critically ill patients and limited data are available in Chile.

Objective: To describe the epidemiological and microbiological profile of IC in critically ill patients.

Methods: Observational prospective study conducted from October 2001 to August 2003 in critically ill adults with suspected or confirmed IC.

[Hepatitis B, C, Treponema pallidum and Toxoplasma gondii co-infections in HIV infected patients].

Background: Some infections share common modes of transmission with HIV and have the potential to change the course of the latter.

Aim: To assess the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) hepatitis C virus (HCV), Treponema palladium and Toxoplasmosis gondii co-infections in HIV-1 infected patients followed at a university hospital.

Material And Methods: Clinical records of HIV-positive individuals were reviewed.

[Presence of metallo beta-lactamases in imipenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa].

Background: Metallo-beta-lactamases (MBL) confer high resistance to carbapenems in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Psae). They are encoded in mobile elements of different genes (VIM, IMP, SMP, GIM), along with other resistance genes.

Aim: To detect the presence of MBL in imipenem resistant Psae strains.

[Malaria: report of 12 non autochthonous cases].

Malaria is a protozoan infection caused by four Plasmodia species transmitted by female Anopheles mosquito. Nearly 40% of the world population is at risk of acquiring the disease because of increasing resistance to treatment, climate changes and travels to endemic zones. We report twelve patients with diagnosis of malaria, supported by the identification of parasites on blood smear.

[Treatment of community-acquired pneumonia in adults].

Unlabelled: Appropriate antibiotic treatment reduces the duration of symptoms associated to pneumonia, the risk of complications and mortality. In most cases, it is not possible to identify the etiologic agent so antibiotic treatment is empirically prescribed. In Chile, one third of Streptococcus pneumoniae strain isolates has diminished susceptibility to penicillin; in-vitro erythromycin resistance is about 10-15% and cefotaxime resistance 2-10%.