A failing right heart in an eggshell: A case report of idiopathic constrictive pericarditis.

Key Clinical Message: Constrictive Pericarditis is a rare fibrotic conversion of the pericardium that results in non-specific clinical symptoms such as hepatomegaly, ascites, pleural effusions, and lower extremity edema. A multi-modal diagnostic approach with cardiac imaging tools, cardiac hemodynamic measurements, and tissue biopsy can be used to diagnose Constrictive Pericarditis.

Abstract: Constrictive Pericarditis is a rare complication resulting in the fibrotic conversion of the pericardium secondary to idiopathic, infective, post-surgical, or post-radiation etiologies.

Lipoprotein-X: A Case of Falsely Elevated LDL Hypercholesterolemia.

Lipoprotein-X is an extremely rare cause of severe hyperlipidemia. We present a case of a 26-year-old man with primary sclerosing cholangitis who developed lipoprotein X-induced pseudohyponatremia with severe hyponatremia. In this case report, we also discuss the diagnostic approach and the treatment for lipoprotein X.

New and Future Parenteral Therapies for the Management of Lipid Disorders.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the world. According to the World Health Organization, an estimated 17.9 million people died from CVD in 2016, representing 31% of all global deaths.

Underappreciated opportunities for high-density lipoprotein particles in risk stratification and potential targets of therapy.

The inverse relationship between high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations and coronary heart disease risk is well established. As a result, in recent years there have been significant resources focused on identifying therapies that raise HDL-C and ultimately reduce cardiovascular events. Unfortunately, a number of trials aimed at increasing HDL-C have failed to show improved outcomes, and hence, have cast doubt on the importance of HDL-C as a therapeutic target.

Evaluation of low-density lipoprotein particle number distribution in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol <50 mg/dl and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol <80 mg/dl.

Many patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have relatively normal levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol yet have increased risk for cardiovascular events. Distribution of lipoprotein subclasses in patients with T2DM who have achieved very low levels of LDL cholesterol (<50 mg/dl) or non-high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (<80 mg/dl) have not been extensively examined. The aim of this study was to assess variations in lipoprotein particle concentration in patients with diabetes with "very low" LDL cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol levels to elucidate the drivers of residual cardiovascular risk.