Atypical attention and saccade vigor in post-traumatic stress disorder.

Effective attention control is essential for behavioral adaptation to different environmental contexts. In Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) altered attention has been described in trauma-related and other emotional contexts. Nevertheless, atypical attention is also seen with neutral stimuli.

Prenatal diagnosis of pontocerebellar hypoplasia with postnatal follow-up.

Objective: To describe the MR features enabling prenatal diagnosis of pontocerebellar hypoplasia (PCH).

Method: This was a retrospective single monocentre study. The inclusion criteria were decreased cerebellar biometry on dedicated neurosonography and available fetal Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) with PCH diagnosis later confirmed either genetically or clinically on post-natal MRI or by autopsy.

Benefits of combined use of Ga Dotatoc and 5-ALA fluorescence for recurrent atypical skull-base meningioma after previous microsurgery and Gamma Knife radiosurgery: a case report.

Background: Studies of novel microsurgical adjuncts, such as 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) fluorescence have shown various fluorescence patterns within meningiomas, opening new avenues for complete microsurgical resection. Here, we present a recurrent, radiation-induced meningioma, previously operated on two occasions (initial gross total resection and subtotal 12 years later) and also irradiated by Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKR, 6 years after the first surgery). We thought to assess the usefulness of Ga Dotatoc in surgical target planning and of 5-ALA as an adjunct for maximal microsurgical excision.

Surface-Based Cortical Measures in Multimodal Association Brain Regions Predict Chess Expertise.

The complex structure of the brain supports high-order cognition, which is crucial for mastering chess. Surface-based measures, including the fractional dimension (FD) and gyrification index (GI), may be more sensitive in detecting cortical changes relative to volumetric indexes. For this reason, structural magnetic resonance imaging data from 29 chess experts and 29 novice participants were analyzed using the CAT12 toolbox.

Brain Metabolic Profile in Presymptomatic Carriers Throughout a 5-Year Follow-up.

Background And Objectives: variants are a frequent cause of familial frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Monitoring disease progression in asymptomatic carriers of genetic variants is a major challenge in delivering preventative therapies before clinical onset. This study aimed to assess the usefulness of fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-PET in identifying metabolic changes in presymptomatic carriers (PS-+) and to trace their longitudinal progression.

Assessment of an artificial intelligence aid for the detection of appendicular skeletal fractures in children and young adults by senior and junior radiologists.

Background: As the number of conventional radiographic examinations in pediatric emergency departments increases, so, too, does the number of reading errors by radiologists.

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the ability of artificial intelligence (AI) to improve the detection of fractures by radiologists in children and young adults.

Materials And Methods: A cohort of 300 anonymized radiographs performed for the detection of appendicular fractures in patients ages 2 to 21 years was collected retrospectively.

White matter tract disruption is associated with ipsilateral hand impairment in subacute stroke: a diffusion MRI study.

Purpose: The ipsilateral hand (ILH) is impaired after unilateral stroke, but the underlying mechanisms remain unresolved. Based on the degeneracy theory of network connectivity that many connectivity patterns are functionally equivalent, we hypothesized that ILH impairment would result from the summation of microstructural white matter (WM) disruption in the motor network, with a task-related profile. We aimed to determine the WM disruption patterns associated with ILH impairment.

Ipsilateral hand impairment predicts long-term outcome in patients with subacute stroke.

Background: Ipsilateral hand (ILH) impairment is documented following motor stroke, but its impact on long-term outcome remains unknown. We assessed ILH impairment in subacute stroke and tested whether ILH impairment predicted long-term outcome.

Methods: We performed a longitudinal study in 209 consecutive patients with unilateral stroke and sensorimotor deficit at admission.

Autologous Mesenchymal Stem Cells Improve Motor Recovery in Subacute Ischemic Stroke: a Randomized Clinical Trial.

While preclinical stroke studies have shown that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) promote recovery, few randomized controlled trials (RCT) have assessed cell therapy in humans. In this RCT, we assessed the safety, feasibility, and efficacy of intravenous autologous bone marrow-derived MSCs in subacute stroke. ISIS-HERMES was a single-center, open-label RCT, with a 2-year follow-up.

Functional Connectivity in Chronic Nonbothersome Tinnitus Following Acoustic Trauma: A Seed-Based Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study.

Tinnitus and its mechanisms are an ongoing subject of interrogation in the neuroscientific community. Although most current models agree that it encompasses multiple structures within and outside the auditory system, evidence provided in the literature suffers from a lack of convergence. To further our understanding of contributions to tinnitus lying outside the auditory system, we explored a new model based on a proprioceptive hypothesis specifically in subjects experiencing chronic nonbothersome tinnitus due to acoustic trauma.

Spatiotemporal patterns of sensorimotor fMRI activity influence hand motor recovery in subacute stroke: A longitudinal task-related fMRI study.

Motor hand deficits impact autonomy in everyday life, and neuroplasticity processes of motor recovery can be explored using functional MRI (fMRI). However, few studies have used fMRI to explore the mechanisms underlying hand recovery following stroke. Based on the dual visuomotor model positing that two segregated dorsomedial and dorsolateral cerebral networks control reach and grasp movements, we explored the relationship between motor task-related activity in the sensorimotor network and hand recovery following stroke.

Motor tract integrity predicts walking recovery: A diffusion MRI study in subacute stroke.

Objective: To identify candidate biomarkers of walking recovery with motor tract integrity measurements using fractional anisotropy (FA) from the corticospinal tract (CST) and alternative motor pathways in patients with moderate to severe subacute stroke.

Methods: Walking recovery was first assessed with generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) with repeated measures of walking scores (WS) over 2 years of follow-up in a longitudinal study of 29 patients with subacute ischemic stroke. Baseline FA measures from the ipsilesional and contralesional CST (i-CST and c-CST), cortico-reticulospinal pathway (i-CRP and c-CRP), and cerebellar peduncles were derived from a 60-direction diffusion MRI sequence on a 3T scanner.

Three-year changes of cortical F-FDG in amnestic vs. non-amnestic sporadic early-onset Alzheimer's disease.

Purpose: To examine and compare longitudinal changes of cortical glucose metabolism in amnestic and non-amnestic sporadic forms of early-onset Alzheimer's disease and assess potential associations with neuropsychological performance over a 3-year period time.

Methods: Eighty-two participants meeting criteria for early-onset (< 65 years) sporadic form of probable Alzheimer's disease and presenting with a variety of clinical phenotypes (47 amnestic and 35 non-amnestic forms) were included at baseline and followed up for 1.44 ± 1.

Using EQ·PET to reduce reconstruction-dependent variations in [F]FDG-PET brain imaging.

This study aims at assessing whether EANM harmonisation strategy combined with EQ·PET methodology could be successfully applied to harmonize brain 2-deoxy-2[F]fluoro-D-glucose ([F]FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) images. The NEMA NU 2 body phantom was prepared according to the EANM guidelines with an [F]FDG solution. Raw PET phantom data were reconstructed with three different reconstruction protocols frequently used in clinical PET brain imaging: ([Formula: see text]) Ordered subset expectation maximization (OSEM) 3D with time of flight (TOF), 2 iterations and 21 subsets; ([Formula: see text]) OSEM 3D with TOF, 6 iterations and 21 subsets; and ([Formula: see text]) OSEM 3D with TOF, point spread function (PSF), and 8 iterations and 21 subsets.

18F-FDG PET and Bone Scintigraphy of Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma.

We report the case of a 31-year-old woman with left foot bones located epithelioid hemangioendothelioma. It is a rare type of vascular tumor, locally aggressive with metastatic potential. It was revealed by a chronic isolated left foot pain.

The relationship between CSF biomarkers and cerebral metabolism in early-onset Alzheimer's disease.

Purpose: One can reasonably suppose that cerebrospinal spinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers can identify distinct subgroups of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. In order to better understand differences in CSF biomarker patterns, we used FDG PET to assess cerebral metabolism in CSF-based subgroups of AD patients.

Methods: Eighty-five patients fulfilling the criteria for probable early-onset AD (EOAD) underwent lumbar puncture, brain F-FDG PET and MRI.

Gray Matter Volume and Cognitive Performance During Normal Aging. A Voxel-Based Morphometry Study.

Normal aging is characterized by decline in cognitive functioning in conjunction with extensive gray matter (GM) atrophy. A first aim of this study was to determine GM volume differences related to aging by comparing two groups of participants, middle-aged group (MAG, mean age 41 years, = 16) and older adults (OG, mean age 71 years, = 14) who underwent an magnetic resonance images (MRI) voxel-based morphometry (VBM) evaluation. The VBM analyses included two optimized pipelines, for the cortex and for the cerebellum.

Aging modulates fronto-temporal cortical interactions during lexical production. A dynamic causal modeling study.

In this dynamic causal modeling (DCM) study, we evaluated the effect of age on the effective connectivity of a cerebral network involved in lexical production. Younger and older adults performed an object naming task during fMRI. The DCM was used to explore the interactions between four regions of interest: the occipital cortex, OC; the lateral temporal cortex, LTC; the medial temporal cortex, MTC; and the inferior frontal cortex, IFC.