Decrease in fat de novo synthesis and chemokine ligand expression in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease caused by inhibition of mixed lineage kinase domain-like pseudokinase.

Background And Aim: Receptor-interacting serine/threonine kinase 3 and mixed lineage kinase domain-like pseudokinase (MLKL) have gained attention as apoptosis alternate cell death signaling molecules. We aimed to evaluate the role of MLKL in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Methods: Hepatic tissue MLKL expression was compared between NAFLD patients and healthy controls.

Mismatched effects of receptor interacting protein kinase-3 on hepatic steatosis and inflammation in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Aim: To validate the effects of receptor interacting protein kinase-3 (RIP3) deletion in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and to clarify the mechanism of action.

Methods: Wild-type (WT) and RIP3 knockout (KO) mice were fed normal chow and high fat (HF) diets for 12 wk. The body weight was assessed once weekly.

The Use of Foxa2-Overexpressing Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cells in a Scaffold System Attenuates Acute Liver Injury.

Background/aims: For the clinical application of stem cell therapy, functional enhancement is needed to increase the survival rate and the engraftment rate. The purpose of this study was to investigate functional enhancement of the paracrine effect using stem cells and hepatocyte-like cells and to minimize stem cell homing by using a scaffold system in a liver disease model.

Methods: A microporator was used to overexpress Foxa2 in adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs), which were cultured in a poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) scaffold.

Effect of Stem Cell Treatment on Acute Liver Failure Model Using Scaffold.

Background: Injecting MSCs via blood vessel is most commonly used method, which has a major drawback of safety. The aim of our study was to evaluate efficacy using scaffold-loaded MSCs in acute liver failure model.

Method: Acute liver failure was induced in mice using thioacetamide (TAA) (200 mg/kg, i.

Granulocyte colony stimulating factor treatment in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: beyond marrow cell mobilization.

Protective effects of granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) in acute liver injury via marrow cell mobilization have been reported in several studies. But exact mode of action and optimal protocol of G-CSF has been still doubt in chronic disease. Here we investigated mode of action and optimization of G-CSF as a treatment for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Does necroptosis have a crucial role in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury?

Background: Previous studies have demonstrated protective effects of anti-receptor interacting protein kinase 1 (RIP1), a key necroptosis molecule. However, it is uncertain whether necroptosis has a crucial role in hepatic IR injury. Therefore, we evaluated the role of necroptosis in hepatic IR injury.

Histologic and Metabolic Derangement in High-Fat, High-Fructose, and Combination Diet Animal Models.

Background: We used high-fat (HF), high-fructose (HFr), and combination diets to create a dietary animal model of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Comparison of both clinical phenotypes has not been well defined. The purpose of this study was to compare histologic and metabolic characteristics between diets in an animal model of NAFLD.

Osthol attenuates hepatic steatosis via decreased triglyceride synthesis not by insulin resistance.

Aim: To evaluate the effects of osthol on intrahepatic fat synthesis, β-oxidation, inflammation, and insulin resistance by multifaceted analysis.

Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 30) were randomly divided into control, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and osthol groups. NAFLD and osthol groups were fed with a high-fat diet for 14 wk.

SOX trio decrease in the articular cartilage with the advancement of osteoarthritis.

SOX trio (SOX-5, SOX-6, and SOX-9) maintain the chondrocytic phenotypes and are vital for chondrogenesis in embryonic development. The purpose of this study is to investigate the change in the expression of SOX trio with the advancement of osteoarthritis (OA) in human articular cartilage (AC). Human OA samples from eight patients were obtained from the distal femoral condyles during total knee arthroplasty.

Electroporation-mediated transfer of Runx2 and Osterix genes to enhance osteogenesis of adipose stem cells.

In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that electroporation-mediated transfer of Runx2, Osterix, or both genes enhances the in vitro and in vivo osteogenesis from adipose stem cells (ASCs). ASCs were transfected with Runx2, Osterix, or both genes using electroporation, and further cultured in monolayer or in PLGA scaffold under osteogenic medium for 14 days, then analyzed for in vitro osteogenic differentiation. Transfected ASC-PLGA scaffold hybrids were also implanted on nude mice to test for in vivo ectopic bone formation.

Influence of chondrocytes on the chondrogenic differentiation of adipose stem cells.

In this study, whether or not chondrogenic differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) could be enhanced by soluble factors from or coculture with chondrocytes was determined. In vitro pellet cultures were carried out in five ways using ASCs or chondrocytes in passage 3 as follows: #1, 2.5 × 10⁵ ASCs were cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium/F-12 supplemented with 1% ITS, 10⁻⁷ M dexamethasone, 50 μM ascorbate-2-phosphate, 50 μM L-proline, and 1 mM sodium pyruvate; #2, 2.