Publications by authors named "Jai Sidpra"

Background: High-grade gliomas (HGG) occur in any central nervous system (CNS) location and any age. HGGs in teenagers/young adults (TYA) are understudied. This project aimed to characterise these tumours to support accurate patient stratification.

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Background And Purpose: Sotos syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant condition caused by pathogenic mutations in the gene that presents with craniofacial dysmorphism, overgrowth, seizures, and neurodevelopmental delay. Macrocephaly, ventriculomegaly, and corpus callosal dysmorphism are typical neuroimaging features that have been described in the medical literature. The purpose of this study was to expand on the neuroimaging phenotype by detailed analysis of a large cohort of patients with genetically proved Sotos syndrome.

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Article Synopsis
  • Inherited glycosylphosphatidylinositol deficiency disorders (IGDs) are rare genetic conditions linked to pathogenic changes in GPI-AP genes, affecting multiple body systems and often presenting with severe neurological symptoms.
  • A study analyzed 83 individuals from 75 families with IGDs, revealing that core symptoms include developmental delays (90%), seizures (83%), and motor issues (64%), along with significant brain imaging findings like cerebral atrophy in 75% of cases.
  • The research highlights a wide range of phenotypic diversity, with no single dysmorphic feature being very common, and notes that individuals with certain genetic variants experience seizures earlier, indicating differences in prognosis based on genetic factors.
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Dysraphic malformations of the spine and spinal cord (DMSSC) represent a spectrum of common congenital anomalies typically (though not exclusively) affecting the lower spinal segments. These may be responsible for varying degrees of neurologic, orthopedic, and urologic morbidity. With advances in neuroimaging, it is now possible to better diagnose and evaluate these disorders both prenatally and postnatally.

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Importance: Physical abuse is a common but preventable cause of long-term childhood morbidity and mortality. Despite the strong association between abuse in an index child and abuse in contact children, there is no guidance outlining how to screen the latter, significantly more vulnerable group, for abusive injuries. Consequently, the radiological assessment of contact children is often omitted, or variably performed, allowing occult injuries to go undetected and increasing the risk of further abuse.

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Background: The timing of posterior cranial expansion for the management of intracranial pressure can be "staged" by age and dysmorphology or "expectant" by pressure monitoring. The authors report shared outcome measures from one center performing posterior vault remodeling (PCVR) or distraction (PVDO) following a staged approach and another performing spring-assisted expansion (SAPVE) following an expectant protocol.

Methods: Apert or Crouzon syndrome patients who underwent posterior expansion younger than 2 years were included.

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Background: Postoperative pediatric cerebellar mutism syndrome (pCMS) is a common but severe complication that may arise following the resection of posterior fossa tumors in children. Two previous studies have aimed to preoperatively predict pCMS, with varying results. In this work, we examine the generalization of these models and determine if pCMS can be predicted more accurately using an artificial neural network (ANN).

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Article Synopsis
  • The study examines how accurately qualitative MRI reports classify pediatric brain tumors by reviewing preoperative MRI reports for 608 children and focusing on 550 with complete data.
  • Findings indicate that diagnostic accuracy varies widely depending on tumor type and grade, with higher sensitivity for certain tumors like ependymomas and lower sensitivity for others like meningiomas.
  • The results highlight the need for improved computational methods to enhance MRI diagnostic accuracy, particularly for types and locations where current methods are less effective.
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Purpose: Children affected by premature fusion of the cranial sutures due to craniosynostosis can present with raised intracranial pressure and (turri)brachycephalic head shapes that require surgical treatment. Spring-assisted posterior vault expansion (SA-PVE) is the surgical technique of choice at Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children (GOSH), London, UK. This study aims to report the SA-PVE clinical experience of GOSH to date.

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  • Traumatic brain injury accounts for about 50% of childhood deaths from infancy to puberty, primarily due to abusive head trauma (AHT).
  • Neuroimaging is crucial in diagnosing AHT, but its nonspecific nature can lead to misdiagnosis as other conditions can mimic AHT symptoms and imaging results.
  • The authors review existing literature and present case studies to create a clearer framework for understanding and diagnosing AHT through neuroimaging.
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Abusive head trauma (AHT) is the leading cause of death from child abuse in children younger than 5 years. It is well documented that the infant contacts of children presenting with suspected AHT are at an increased risk of abuse when compared to the general infant population. Despite this association, a paucity of literature stratifies this risk and translates it to the clinic such that this high-risk group is stringently screened for abusive injuries.

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Lesions of the paediatric cranial vault are diverse both in their presentation and aetiology. As such, they pose a diagnostic challenge to the paediatric neurosurgeon and neuroradiologist. In this article, we delineate the spectrum of paediatric calvarial pathology into four distinct groups: (1) lytic lesion(s); (2) focal sclerotic lesion(s); (3) diffuse cranial vault sclerosis; and (4) abnormal shape of the cranial vault.

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The consequences of abusive head trauma (AHT) can be devastating for both the individual child and for wider society. Death is undoubtedly a very real possibility, but even for those children who survive, there is often very significant morbidity with the potential for gross motor and cognitive impairment, behavioural problems, blindness and epilepsy, which can greatly affect their quality of life. Caring for such children places a vast financial and infrastructural burden on society that frequently extends well into adulthood.

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Purpose: The authors provide a comprehensive framework with which to approach paediatric calvarial injury sustained as a result of suspected abusive head trauma (AHT). This is achieved through the presentation of a case series set in the context of the unique morphology of the infant skull and the possible diagnostic pitfalls which may arise due to the presence of variant anatomy or other mimicking conditions.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of sixty-three patients referred to our institution with suspected AHT was carried out.

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