A Speech-Based Mobile Screening Tool for Mild Cognitive Impairment: Technical Performance and User Engagement Evaluation.

Traditional screening methods for Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) face limitations in accessibility and scalability. To address this, we developed and validated a speech-based automatic screening app implementing three speech-language tasks with user-centered design and server-client architecture. The app integrates automated speech processing and SVM classifiers for MCI detection.

The Therapeutic Potential of Supersulfides in Oxidative Stress-Related Diseases.

Oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions are fundamental to sustaining life, with reactive oxygen and nitrogen species playing pivotal roles in cellular signaling and homeostasis. However, excessive oxidative stress disrupts redox balance, contributing to a wide range of diseases, including inflammatory and pulmonary disorders, neurodegeneration, and cancer. Although numerous antioxidant therapies have been developed and tested for oxidative stress-related diseases, their clinical efficacy remains limited.

Haemorrhage-related adverse events profles of lenvatinib and pembrolizumab alone or in combination: a real-world pharmacovigilance study based on FAERS database.

Objective: Limited understanding exists regarding the haemorrhagic risk resulting from potential interactions between lenvatinib and pembrolizumab. We investigated haemorrhagic adverse events (ADEs) associated with co-administration of lenvatinib and pembrolizumab using data from the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) in an effort to provide recommendations for their safe and sensible use.

Methods: The FAERS database's bleeding events linked to lenvatinib and pembrolizumab were carefully examined.

Nanowire-based squalene oleogel repairs skin photoaging.

Long-term exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation induces the accumulation of free radicals in the skin, resulting in oxidative damage and accelerated aging. As a natural anti-oxidant, squalene has been applied as a cosmetic additive. Nonetheless, the liquid oil state of squalene and its low solubility in water usually limits the practical application of squalene.

Emerging strategies against accelerated blood clearance phenomenon of nanocarrier drug delivery systems.

Nanocarrier drug delivery systems (NDDS) have gained momentum in the field of anticancer or nucleic acid drug delivery due to their capacity to aggrandize the targeting efficacy and therapeutic outcomes of encapsulated drugs. A disadvantage of NDDS is that repeated administrations often encounter an obstacle known as the "accelerated blood clearance (ABC) phenomenon". This phenomenon results in the rapid clearance of the secondary dose from the bloodstream and markedly augmented liver accumulation, which substantially undermines the accurate delivery of drugs and the therapeutic effect of NDDS.

Comparative evaluation of QuantiFERON-TB gold in-tube plus for Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection among adolescents in China.

Background: No head-to-head studies have simultaneously compared the performances of QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube (QFT-GIT), QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus (QFT-Plus), ESAT6-CFP10 (EC) skin test, and Tuberculin skin test (TST) in adolescents. This study aimed to conduct a comparative assessment of QFT-GIT and QFT-Plus for detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb) infection in high school freshmen.

Methods: We concurrently administered QFT-GIT, QFT-Plus, EC skin test, and TST to first-year high school students.

Exploring factors influencing decision making for colonoscopy in first-degree relatives of patients with colorectal cancer: a mixed-methods study.

Background: A family history of colorectal cancer among first-degree relatives is recognized as one of the most significant and prevalent risk factors for colorectal cancer in China. Colonoscopy remains the most crucial screening method, as early colonoscopy screening can effectively reduce the risk of advanced colorectal cancer. However, the factors influencing the decision-making behavior of first-degree relatives regarding colonoscopy screening have predominantly been examined through quantitative studies, while mixed-methods research remains scarce.

Comparative analysis of clinical features of brucellosis in Kashi and Guangzhou: a retrospective multicentre study.

Objective: In this study, we conducted a comparative analysis of brucellosis cases from two distinct regions of China to investigate the similarities and differences in clinical characteristics between endemic and non-endemic areas. Our objective was to summarise the clinical characteristics of brucellosis and improve clinicians' understanding and diagnostic accuracy of the disease.

Methods: This was a retrospective, multicentre, cross-sectional study.

Effective discrimination of wide QRS complex tachycardia with a new algorithm - the Prelocalization Series Algorithm.

Background: Electrocardiogram (ECG) plays a crucial role in the correct diagnosis of wide QRS complex tachycardia (WCT). Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of a new WCT discrimination algorithm, herein referred to as the Prelocalization Series Algorithm.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of 181 ECGs from WCT patients was conducted using the Prelocalization Series Algorithm, Brugada Series Algorithm, and Vereckei Series Algorithm.

Structure-guided development of chemically tailored peptide binders of RNF43/ZNRF3 to enable versatile design of membrane protein-targeting PROTACs.

Targeted membrane protein degradation using cell surface E3 ligases RNF43/ZNRF3 via proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) represents an effective strategy for treating membrane drug targets that cannot be fully inhibited using traditional inhibitors. Several ingenious chimeras have been developed to tether RNF43/ZNRF3 to target membrane proteins, resulting in the degradation of targets at sub-nanomolar concentrations both in vitro and in vivo. However, currently available RNF43/ZNRF3 binders are genetically encoded and have poor plasticity, which limits the design and promotion of such PROTACs.

[An emerging major: brain-computer interface major].

Brain-computer interface (BCI) is a revolutionizing technology that disrupts traditional human-computer interaction by establishing direct communication and control between the brain and computer, bypassing the peripheral nervous and muscular systems. With the rapid advancement of BCI technology, growing application demands, and an increasing need for specialized BCI professionals, a new academic major-BCI major-has gradually emerged. However, few studies to date have discussed the interdisciplinary nature and training framework of this emerging major.

[Coronary artery segmentation based on Transformer and convolutional neural networks dual parallel branch encoder neural network].

Manual segmentation of coronary arteries in computed tomography angiography (CTA) images is inefficient, and existing deep learning segmentation models often exhibit low accuracy on coronary artery images. Inspired by the Transformer architecture, this paper proposes a novel segmentation model, the double parallel encoder u-net with transformers (DUNETR). This network employed a dual-encoder design integrating Transformers and convolutional neural networks (CNNs).

[Classification of Alzheimer's disease based on multi-example learning and multi-scale feature fusion].

Alzheimer's disease (AD) classification models usually segment the entire brain image into voxel blocks and assign them labels consistent with the entire image, but not every voxel block is closely related to the disease. To this end, an AD auxiliary diagnosis framework based on weakly supervised multi-instance learning (MIL) and multi-scale feature fusion is proposed, and the framework is designed from three aspects: within the voxel block, between voxel blocks, and high-confidence voxel blocks. First, a three-dimensional convolutional neural network was used to extract deep features within the voxel block; then the spatial correlation information between voxel blocks was captured through position encoding and attention mechanism; finally, high-confidence voxel blocks were selected and combined with multi-scale information fusion strategy to integrate key features for classification decision.

Evaluating an evidence-based iSupport for Dementia programme in routine care services: study protocol for a hybrid type II trial.

Introduction: Disparities in supporting carers of people with dementia exist in carer populations. The WHO developed an evidence-based iSupport for Dementia programme to address the disparities. However, evidence on how to embed the iSupport programme in routine health and aged care services to optimise support for carers remains largely unknown.

Comparison of accuracy between two different drill designs for static computer-assisted implant surgery: An in vitro study.

Background: Although several different design methods have been proposed, limited research is available regarding how design features impact accuracy and performance. The purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy of implant site location between two different drilling systems for static computer-assisted implant surgery (sCAIS) in vitro study, each featuring a unique drill stabilization configuration.

Materials And Methods: Sixty models were fabricated simulating a patient with maxillary partial tooth missing.

Cuticle thickening mediates insecticide penetration resistance in Spodoptera litura.

Introduction: Long-term and extensive use of chemical pesticides has led to the development of resistance in many important agricultural pests. The mechanisms of resistance formation in pests are complex and variable, and unraveling the resistance mechanisms is the key to control resistant pests. Insect cuticle, as the first line of defense for insecticides, plays a non-negligible role in insecticide penetration resistance.

Coupling electrodialysis with microbial electrosynthesis enables high-rate, high-titer, and cost-effective acetate production from CO.

Microbial electrosynthesis (MES) presents a promising strategy for the electrochemical conversion of CO into multi-carbon compounds. However, its practical application is hindered by low production rates, low product titers, and high product costs. In this study, an electrolytic bubble column MES reactor was integrated with electrodialysis (ED) to enable simultaneous acetate production, extraction, and concentration.

An epitope-directed mRNA vaccine inhibits tumor metastasis through the blockade of MICA/B α1/2 shedding.

Antigenic peptide-based mRNA vaccines have been explored for immunotherapeutic use in various types of cancer because of their advantages in activating durable and specific immune responses. However, their role in modulating tumor metastasis is still unclear. Here, we identify a conserved linear epitope-based peptide, Ma3P, located in the proteolytic region of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-related chain A (MICA) α3 and further design mCM10-L, an mRNA vaccine that encodes the carrier protein CRM197 and 10 tandem repeats of Ma3P.

Potentiating anti-tumor immunity by re-engaging immune synapse molecules.

The formation of immune synapses (ISs) between cytotoxic T cells and tumor cells is crucial for effective tumor elimination. However, the role of ISs in immune evasion and resistance to immune checkpoint blockades (ICBs) remains unclear. We demonstrate that ICAM-1, a key IS molecule activating LFA-1 signaling in T and natural killer (NK) cells, is often expressed at low levels in cancers.

Age-related outcomes of transcatheter aortic valve replacement in patients with pure severe aortic regurgitation.

Background: Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has emerged as the recommended treatment for older patients with pure severe aortic regurgitation (PSAR). However, the efficacy of TAVR in younger patients with aortic regurgitation (AR) remains unclear. This study explored the therapeutic efficacy and safety of TAVR in these two groups and compared their outcomes.

Biomolecular condensates at the plasma membrane: Insights into plant cell signaling.

Biomolecular condensates, often formed through liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS), are increasingly recognized as a critical mechanism for cellular compartmentalization across diverse biological systems. Although traditionally considered membrane-less entities, recent discoveries highlight their dynamic interactions with membranes, where they regulate various processes, including signal transduction. Signaling lipids are observed in condensates.

Exploring the optical response of water status and light propagation in bruised 'Korla' fragrant pear tissues based on low-field nuclear magnetic resonance coupled with Monte Carlo simulation.

In this study, the water distribution and migration of bruised 'Korla' pear flesh during storage, as well as their relationships with optical properties and light propagation, were comprehensively investigated based on the low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) coupled with Monte Carlo simulations. The immobilized water clearly transferred to free water during pear tissues bruising. The optical absorption coefficient (μ) around 1480 nm was strongly correlated with the LF-NMR T relaxation time of bruised pear tissues by 2D-COS.

Fluorescent molecularly imprinted hydrogel sensing strip based on nitrogen-doped carbon dots and inverse opal photonic crystals applying for effective detection for imidacloprid in fruits and vegetables.

This study integrated nitrogen-doped carbon dots (nitrogen-doped CDs) with remarkable fluorescence into a high-porosity inverse opal photonic crystal (IOPC) structure. A portable fluorescent hydrogel strip was developed by incorporating molecular imprinted biomimetic recognition, enabling the rapid identification and accurate detection of the insecticide imidacloprid (IMI). The ordered and hierarchical architecture of the IOPCs was advantageous to the uniform dispersion of nitrogen-doped CDs while providing efficient mass transfer channels for IMI.