Genetic determinants of type 1 diabetes across populations.

T1D results from autoimmune-mediated destruction of the pancreatic beta cells, a process that is conditioned by multiple genes and environmental factors. The main genetic determinants map to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), and in particular DR and DQ, although, genes outside the MHC contribute, including the insulin gene, PTPN22, and CTLA-4. There are remarkable differences in genetic susceptibility to T1D between populations.

Extreme genetic risk for type 1A diabetes.

Type 1A diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disorder the risk of which is increased by specific HLA DR/DQ alleles [e.g., DRB1*03-DQB1*0201 (DR3) or DRB1*04-DQB1*0302 (DR4)].

The efficacy of oral ribavirin in the treatment of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever in Iran.

We compared the mortality rate among patients suspected of having Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) who received treatment with oral ribavirin and those who did not. Ninety-seven (69.8%) of 139 treated patients suspected of having CCHF survived, and 61 (88.

A polymorphism in the promoter region of the gene for interleukin-6 is associated with susceptibility to type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is an autoimmune disease characterized by the destruction of the insulin-producing islet beta cells. It is likely that several genetic and environmental factors contribute to this process. There is increasing evidence showing that polymorphisms in cytokine genes may play an important role in modifying the immune response.

A CA repeat polymorphism of the IFN-gamma gene is associated with susceptibility to type 1 diabetes.

Recent studies have shown that loci outside the HLA region are involved in determining susceptibility to type 1 diabetes. Polymorphisms in the coding and noncoding regions of the genes encoding cytokines may be involved in modulating the immune response to self and nonself antigens. There is increasing evidence that an imbalance and disruption of the Thl and Th2 T cell subsets play a key role in the development of experimental and clinical type 1 diabetes.

A study of cytokine protein secretion, frequencies of cytokine expressing cells and IFN-G gene polymorphisms in normal individuals.

Background: Cytokines are major regulators of immune responses, and there is evidence that they play a role in allograft rejection. Before embarking on a detailed study of pretransplant cytokine profiles in renal allograft recipients, we wished to investigate variations in cytokine protein secretion, numbers of cytokine expressing T cells, and cytokine gene polymorphisms in normal volunteers.

Methods: Twenty normal healthy volunteers were studied.

Antihyperglycemic activity of phenolics from Pterocarpus marsupium.

Glucose levels in rats with hyperglycemia induced by streptozotocin were determined after i.p. administration of marsupsin (1), pterosupin (2), and pterostilbene (3), three important phenolic constituents of the heartwood of Pterocarpus marsupium.

Antihyperlipidemic effect of flavonoids from Pterocarpus marsupium.

Serum lipid levels in rats with hyperlipidemia induced by diet as well as by Triton were determined after oral administration of EtOAc extract of Pterocarpus marsupium heartwood and its flavonoid constituents, marsupsin [1], pterosupin [2], and liquiritigenin [3]. Administration of EtOAc extract for 14 consecutive days produced a significant reduction of serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, and LDL- and VLDL-cholesterol levels without any significant effect on the level of HDL-cholesterol. Liquiritigenin and pterosupin were able to effect a significant fall in serum cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and atherogenic index, pterosupin being additionally effective in lowering serum triglyceride.