A Comprehensive Functional Investigation of the Human Translocator Protein 18 kDa (TSPO) in a Novel Human Neuronal Cell Knockout Model.

The translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO) is a multifunctional outer mitochondrial membrane protein associated with various aspects of mitochondrial physiology and multiple roles in health and disease. Here, we aimed to analyse the role of TSPO in the regulation of mitochondrial and cellular functions in a human neuronal cell model. We used the CRISPR/Cas9 technology and generated TSPO knockout (KO) and control (CTRL) variants of human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs).

Serotonin effects on human iPSC-derived neural cell functions: from mitochondria to depression.

Depression's link to serotonin dysregulation is well-known. The monoamine theory posits that depression results from impaired serotonin activity, leading to the development of antidepressants targeting serotonin levels. However, their limited efficacy suggests a more complex cause.

Mitochondrial and Cellular Function in Fibroblasts, Induced Neurons, and Astrocytes Derived from Case Study Patients: Insights into Major Depression as a Mitochondria-Associated Disease.

The link between mitochondria and major depressive disorder (MDD) is increasingly evident, underscored both by mitochondria's involvement in many mechanisms identified in depression and the high prevalence of MDD in individuals with mitochondrial disorders. Mitochondrial functions and energy metabolism are increasingly considered to be involved in MDD's pathogenesis. This study focused on cellular and mitochondrial (dys)function in two atypical cases: an antidepressant non-responding MDD patient ("Non-R") and another with an unexplained mitochondrial disorder ("Mito").

Impact of Translocator Protein 18 kDa (TSPO) Deficiency on Mitochondrial Function and the Inflammatory State of Human C20 Microglia Cells.

Microglia are the resident immune cells of the central nervous system. Upon stimulus presentation, microglia polarize from a resting to an activated state. Microglial translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO) is considered a marker of inflammation.

Induced neural progenitor cells and iPS-neurons from major depressive disorder patients show altered bioenergetics and electrophysiological properties.

The molecular pathomechanisms of major depressive disorder (MDD) are still not completely understood. Here, we follow the hypothesis, that mitochondria dysfunction which is inevitably associated with bioenergetic disbalance is a risk factor that contributes to the susceptibility of an individual to develop MDD. Thus, we investigated molecular mechanisms related to mitochondrial function in induced neuronal progenitor cells (NPCs) which were reprogrammed from fibroblasts of eight MDD patients and eight non-depressed controls.

Implementation of a cost-effective HPLC/UV approach for routine medical quantification of memantine in human serum.

Background: In the near future, there will be no innovative drug principle for the treatment of dementia. Therefore, optimizing the efficacy of a drug is at present the most promising way to exploit its full pharmacological potential.

Method: A high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet assay for memantine in serum from demented patients has been developed and validated.

Implementation of a cost-effective HPLC/UV-approach for medical routine quantification of donepezil in human serum.

A novel, simple, specific and sensitive high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay for the detection and quantification of donepezil in serum of demented patients has been developed and validated. The analytical procedure involves an offline serum preextraction using solid phase extraction (SPE) cartridges (Oasis® HLB, Waters Co). The chromatographic analyses were performed on a Dionex HPLC system with a Phenomenex Luna Phenyl-Hexyl analytical column, and a mobile phase with the two components 0.

Cholesterol ester deposition is reduced in rats with hypercholesterolemia and hypertension.

High K diets prevent hypertensive endothelial injury and intimal thickening. Cholesterol esters often deposit during hypercholesterolemia. We investigated whether a high K diet would influence cholesterol ester deposits in stroke prone SHR rats.

High K diets markedly reduce atherosclerotic cholesterol ester deposition in aortas of rats with hypercholesterolemia and hypertension.

High K diets prevent hypertensive endothelial injury and intimal thickening. Cholesterol esters often deposit during hypercholesterolemia. Would a high K diet influence cholesterol ester deposits? In a normal rat on a normal diet, no cholesterol esters are detected in the aorta.

Atherosclerotic cholesterol ester deposition is markedly reduced with a high-potassium diet.

In a normal rat on a normal diet, no cholesterol esters are detected in the aorta by gas chromatography. Stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were fed for 3 months a basic diet containing 4% cholesterol, 14% coconut oil and 7% NaCl. One group of 13 rats ingested a normal (0.