Breast feeding in infants diagnosed with phenylketonuria (PKU): a scoping review.

Background: Phenylketonuria (PKU) is the most common inherited disease of amino acid metabolism, characterised by elevated levels of phenylalanine (Phe). There is a lack of infant feeding guidance for those with PKU. From birth to 6 months of age, breast feeding is the optimal nutrition for an infant and continuing breast feeding for infants with PKU is recommended by European guidelines.

Assessment of the Androgen Receptor in Older Women with Primary Breast Cancer: Association with a Panel of Biomarkers and Breast Cancer Specific Survival.

Introduction: Breast cancer in older women tends to have more favourable biology, compared to younger women. Androgen receptor (AR) is significant for breast tumour carcinogenesis; however, the role of AR in older women has not been fully explored.

Methods: Surgical specimens were obtained from an existing series of 1758 older women (≥ 70 years) with primary breast cancer, treated in a single institution with long-term (≥ 37 years) follow-up.

Concordance between core needle biopsy and surgical excision specimens for Ki-67 in breast cancer - a systematic review of the literature.

Aims: The biomarkers oestrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) are routinely measured in patients with breast cancer with international consensus on how they should be interpreted. There is evidence to support use of other biomarkers to give more detailed predictive and prognostic information. Ki-67 is one example, and measures the proliferative activity of cancer cells.