From TBT to booster biocides: Levels and impacts of antifouling along coastal areas of Panama.

Antifouling biocides in surface sediments and gastropod tissues were assessed for the first time along coastal areas of Panama under the influence of maritime activities, including one of the world's busiest shipping zones: the Panama Canal. Imposex incidence was also evaluated in five muricid species distributed along six coastal areas of Panama. This TBT-related biological alteration was detected in three species, including the first report in Purpura panama.

Chitosan from shrimp shells: A renewable sorbent applied to the clean-up step of the QuEChERS method in order to determine multi-residues of veterinary drugs in different types of milk.

Clean extracts are essential in LC-MS/MS, since the matrix effect can interfere in the analysis. Alternative materials which can be used as sorbents, such as chitosan in the clean-up step, are cheap and green options. In this study, chitosan from shrimp shell waste was evaluated as a sorbent in the QuEChERS method in order to determine multi-residues of veterinary drugs in different types of milk, i.

Antifouling booster biocides in coastal waters of Panama: First appraisal in one of the busiest shipping zones.

A baseline study for antifouling booster biocides in coastal waters of Panama is presented. Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) was used for extraction and Liquid Chromatography tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was applied for the quantification of irgarol 1051, diuron, (2-thiocyanomethylthio)benzothiazole (TCMTB), 4,5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (DCOIT) and dichlofluanid. TCMTB, DCOIT and dichlofluanid were not detected in any seawater sample, while irgarol 1051 and diuron were found in four out of thirteen areas (<0.