An electro-optical platform for the ultrasensitive detection of small extracellular vesicle sub-types and their protein epitope counts.

Methods for detecting proteins in small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) lack sensitivity and quantitative accuracy, missing clues about health and disease. Our study introduces the Nano-Extracellular Omics Sensing (NEXOS) platform, merging electrical (E-NEXOS) and optical detection (O-NEXOS). E-NEXOS determines the concentration of target sEV sub-types, and O-NEXOS quantifies the concentration of target protein epitopes (TEPs) on those TEVs.

A Label-Free DNA-Immunosensor Based on Aminated rGO Electrode for the Quantification of DNA Methylation.

In this work, we developed a sandwich DNA-immunosensor for quantification of the methylated tumour suppressor gene O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT), which is a potential biomarker for brain tumours and breast cancer. The biosensor is based on aminated reduced graphene oxide electrode, which is achieved by ammonium hydroxide chemisorption and anti-5-methylcytosine (anti-5mC) as a methylation bioreceptor. The target single-strand (ss) MGMT oligonucleotide is first recognised by its hybridisation with complementary DNA to form double-stranded (ds) MGMT, which is then captured by anti-5mC on the electrode surface due to the presence of methylation.

Emerging graphene-based sensors for the detection of food adulterants and toxicants - A review.

The detection of food adulterants and toxicants can prevent a large variety of adverse health conditions for the global population. Through the process of rapid sensing enabled by deploying novel and robust sensors, the food industry can assist in the detection of adulterants and toxicants at trace levels. Sensor platforms which exploit graphene-based nanomaterials satisfy this requirement due to outstanding electrical, optical and thermal properties.

Correction to: A label-free biosensor based on graphene and reduced graphene oxide dual-layer for electrochemical determination of beta-amyloid biomarkers.

The published version of this article, unfortunately, contains errors. Corrections in references were incorrectly carried out. Also, the reduction of graphene oxide was carried out between the potential of -1.

A label-free biosensor based on graphene and reduced graphene oxide dual-layer for electrochemical determination of beta-amyloid biomarkers.

A label-free biosensor is developed for the determination of plasma-based Aβ biomarker in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The platform is based on highly conductive dual-layer of graphene and electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (rGO). The modification of dual-layer with 1-pyrenebutyric acid N-hydroxysuccinimide ester (Pyr-NHS) is achieved to facilitate immobilization of H31L21 antibody.

Development of a Label-Free Immunosensor for Clusterin Detection as an Alzheimer's Biomarker.

Clusterin (CLU) has been associated with the clinical progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and described as a potential AD biomarker in blood plasma. Due to the enormous attention given to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers for the past couple of decades, recently found blood-based AD biomarkers like CLU have not yet been reported for biosensors. Herein, we report the electrochemical detection of CLU for the first time using a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) modified with 1-pyrenebutyric acid -hydroxysuccinimide ester (Pyr-NHS) and decorated with specific anti-CLU antibody fragments.