Phenoxy-1,2-dioxetane-based activatable chemiluminescent probes: tuning of photophysical properties for tracing enzymatic activities in living cells.

The use of chemiluminophores for tracing enzymatic activities in live-cell imaging has gained significant attention, making them valuable tools for diagnostic applications. Among various chemiluminophores, the phenoxy-1,2-dioxetane scaffold exhibits significant structural versatility and its activation is governed by the chemically initiated electron exchange luminescence (CIEEL) mechanism. This mechanism can be initiated by enzymatic activity, changes in pH, or other chemical stimuli.

Acetylcholine Structure-Based Small Activatable Fluorogenic Probe for Specific Detection of Acetylcholinesterase.

Early detection of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is important for taking proper measures against AD pathogenesis. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is widely reported to be associated with the pathogenicity of AD. Here, employing the "acetylcholine-mimic" approach, we designed and synthesized a new class of naphthalimide (Naph)-based fluorogenic probes for specific detection of AChE and avoiding interference of butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), the pseudocholinesterase.

Trends in small organic fluorescent scaffolds for detection of oxidoreductase.

Oxidoreductases are diverse class of enzymes engaged in modulating the redox homeostasis and cellular signaling cascades. Abnormal expression of oxidoreductases including thioredoxin reductase, azoreductase, cytochrome oxidoreductase, tyrosinase and monoamine oxidase leads to the initiation of numerous disorders. Thus, enzymes are the promising biomarkers of the diseased cells and their accurate detection has utmost significance for clinical diagnosis.

Synthesis of a 3,4-Disubstituted 1,8-Naphthalimide-Based DNA Intercalator for Direct Imaging of .

The development of organic molecules to target nucleic acid is an active area of research at the interface of chemistry and biochemistry, which involves DNA binding, nuclear imaging, and antitumor studies. These molecules bind with DNA through covalent interactions, electrostatic interactions, or intercalation. However, they are less permeable to membrane, and they have a significant cytotoxicity, which limits their application under in vivo conditions.

FRET and PET paired dual mechanistic carbon dots approach for tyrosinase sensing.

A dual mechanistic FRET and PET paired ratiometric fluorescence sensor probe has been prepared using carbon dots and naphthalimide fluorophores. The carbon dots are covalently joined with a naphthalimide moiety to develop the FRET phenomenon, which emits at two different wavelengths (i.e.

Carbon dots as analytical tools for sensing of thioredoxin reductase and screening of cancer cells.

Thioredoxin Reductase (TrxR) is a redox regulating enzyme which is predestined for the maintenance of redox homeostasis of mammalian cells. However, the elevated level of TrxR is associated with the progress of various types of tumors and therefore, this is a significant target for the detection of cancer cells. Herein, an easily engineered 'Turn ON' fluorescent sensor probe has been synthesized for the detection of TrxR and cell imaging using carbon dots.

Carbon Dot Based, Naphthalimide Coupled FRET Pair for Highly Selective Ratiometric Detection of Thioredoxin Reductase and Cancer Screening.

The fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) mechanism has been established between carbon dots (CDs) and naphthalimide to monitor the activity of thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), which is often overexpressed in many cancer cells. The naphthalimide moiety was covalently attached to the surface of CDs through a disulfide linkage. In normal cell conditions (when devoid of high concentrations of TrxR), the CDs act as an energy donor and naphthalimide acts as an acceptor, which establishes the FRET pair as interpreted from the emission at λ = 565 nm, when excited at λ = 360 nm.

Indole Derivatives as Anticancer Agents for Breast Cancer Therapy: A Review.

Breast cancer (BC) is the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths in women throughout the world. Multiple drugs have been approved by US-FDA for breast related malignancies. Frequent emergence of resistances creates the severe need of newer moieties that are free from such problems.