Genotypic diversity and virulence factors of Klebsiella pneumoniae in a North Indian tertiary care hospital.

Klebsiella pneumoniae, a pathogen of concern worldwide can be classified as classical K. pneumoniae (cKp) and Hypervirulent K. pneumoniae (HvKp).

APSIC guide for prevention of catheter associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs).

Background: The Asia Pacific Society of Infection Control launched the APSIC guide for prevention of catheter associated urinary tract infections in July 2022. It aims to highlight practical recommendations in a concise format designed to assist healthcare facilities in the Asia Pacific region to achieve high standards in infection prevention and control practices during the management and care of patients with a urinary catheter.

Methods: The guidelines were developed by an appointed workgroup comprising experts in the Asia Pacific region, following reviews of previously published guidelines and recommendations relevant to each section.

Trends in carbapenem resistance in Pre-COVID and COVID times in a tertiary care hospital in North India.

Background: Carbapenem resistance is endemic in the Indian sub-continent. In this study, carbapenem resistance rates and the prevalence of different carbapenemases were determined in Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa during two periods; Pre-COVID (August to October 2019) and COVID (January to February 2021) in a north-Indian tertiary care hospital.

Methods: Details of patient demographics and clinical condition was collated from the Hospital Information System and detection of carbapenemases NDM, OXA-48, VIM, IMP and KPC was done by Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 152 and 138 non-consecutive carbapenem resistant isolates during the two study periods respectively.

Association of Orthodontic Tooth Movement with Leptin Concentration in Gingival Crevicular Fluid.

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the association of orthodontic tooth movement with the concentration of leptin in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF).

Materials And Methods: In thirty orthodontic patients, the concentration of leptin was assessed at baseline, 1 h, 24 h, 7 days, and 1 month after application of orthodontic force. Distalized tooth movement was evaluated by measuring the difference on dental casts at baseline and 1 month after force application.

TB positive cases go up in ongoing COVID-19 pandemic despite lower testing of TB: An observational study from a hospital from Northern India.

The whole world is wrestling against SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19). COVID-19-TB co-infection is also reported but there are limited number of studies which analyze the impact of COVID-19 pandemic in TB diagnosis and management. In this retrospective study, we observed that the TB diagnosis was reduced in pandemic time.

Mutations in two component system (PhoPQ and PmrAB) in colistin resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae from North Indian tertiary care hospital.

Colistin resistance in Gram negative bacteria is mainly attributed to chromosomal mutations in Two Component Systems(TCS) PhoPQ and PmrAB and plasmid-borne genes(mcr and its variants). The aim of this study was to understand the molecular basis of colistin resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae and determine clonal transmission, in a North Indian tertiary care hospital over a 2.5 year period.

Effect of conjugation on the vibrational modes of a carbon nanotube dimer.

First Principles simulation studies using the density functional theory have been performed to investigate the effect of conjugation on vibrational modes when two CNTs of different chiralities are held together to constitute an inhomogeneous dimer. Raman Spectra of a (5, 0) CNT; a (6,0) CNT and a (5,0)- (6,0) CNT dimer comprising of parallel standing (5,0) and (6,0) CNTs held by weak Van der Waals were simulated. Various vibrational modes in different frequency regions have been discussed in detail.

Process improvement to effectively manage and reduce sharps injuries in a Tertiary Hospital in Northern India.

Introduction And Objectives: Needle stick injuries are associated with a 0.3-30% risk of transmission of Human Immunodeficiency virus, Hepatitis C virus, and Hepatitis B virus. Despite causing psychological trauma they also involve a huge financial burden.

Six-year study on peripheral venous catheter-associated BSI rates in 262 ICUs in eight countries of South-East Asia: International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium findings.

Background: Short-term peripheral venous catheter-associated bloodstream infection rates have not been systematically studied in Asian countries, and data on peripheral venous catheter-associated bloodstream infections incidence by number of short-term peripheral venous catheter days are not available.

Methods: Prospective, surveillance study on peripheral venous catheter-associated bloodstream infections conducted from 1 September 2013 to 31 May 2019 in 262 intensive care units, members of the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium, from 78 hospitals in 32 cities of 8 countries in the South-East Asia Region: China, India, Malaysia, Mongolia, Nepal, Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam. For this research, we applied definition and criteria of the CDC NHSN, methodology of the INICC, and software named INICC Surveillance Online System.

Six-year multicenter study on short-term peripheral venous catheters-related bloodstream infection rates in 204 intensive care units of 57 hospitals in 19 cities of India: International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) findings.

Background: Short-term peripheral venous catheters-related bloodstream infections (PVCR-BSIs) rates have not been systematically studied in developing countries, and data on their incidence by number of device-days are not available.

Methods: Prospective, surveillance study on PVCR-BSI conducted from September 1, 2013 to May 31, 2019 in 204 intensive care units (ICUs), members of the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC), from 57 hospitals in 19 cities of India. We applied US INICC definition criteria and reported methods using the INICC Surveillance Online System.

Carbapenem resistance in and among Indian and international patients in North India.

The aim of the study was to find out the carbapenem resistance rate and prevalence of different carbapenemase genes in and from a North Indian corporate hospital that receives both Indian and international patients. A total of 528 clinical isolates of and were included in the study. All isolates that were found resistant to carbapenems by MIC testing (Vitek II Compact) were screened for NDM, OXA-48, VIM, and KPC genes by PCR.

APSIC guide for prevention of Central Line Associated Bloodstream Infections (CLABSI).

This document is an executive summary of the APSIC Guide for Prevention of Central Line Associated Bloodstream Infections (CLABSI). It describes key evidence-based care components of the Central Line Insertion and Maintenance Bundles and its implementation using the quality improvement methodology, namely the Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) methodology involving multidisciplinary process and stakeholders. Monitoring of improvement over time with timely feedback to stakeholders is a key component to ensure the success of implementing best practices.

Device-Associated Infection Rates in 20 Cities of India, Data Summary for 2004-2013: Findings of the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium.

Objective: To report the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium surveillance data from 40 hospitals (20 cities) in India 2004-2013.

Methods: Surveillance using US National Healthcare Safety Network's criteria and definitions, and International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium methodology.

Results: We collected data from 236,700 ICU patients for 970,713 bed-days Pooled device-associated healthcare-associated infection rates for adult and pediatric ICUs were 5.

Prevalence of musculoskeletal disorder and alternative medicine therapies among dentists of North India: A descriptive study.

Aim: Health professionals especially the dental professional are the frequent targets of musculoskeletal disorders (MSD). Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) can be of some help in managing these MSD especially in. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of CAM therapies as a treatment modality for MSD management among dental professionals of north India.

Modified stethoscope for auscultation of temporomandibular joint sounds.

Background: Purpose of this study was to modify the stethoscope which can auscultate the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) sounds more precisely than conventional stethoscope, and fabrication of stethoscope compatible software which analyses the auscultated sound and gives documentary evidence of that analysis in the form of graph.

Materials & Methods: The conventional stethoscope was modified by attaching a custom made soundscope with a recording device which can be placed in external auditory meatus (EAM) for auscultation of TMJ sounds. When this small and smooth end of custom made soundscope of modified stethoscope is placed in EAM & connected with specially developed software it records the TMJ sounds & analyzes them in form of graph.

Causes of death in preweaned northern elephant seal pups (Mirounga angustirostris, Gill, 1866), Año Nuevo State Reserve, California, 2012.

During an ongoing physiological ecology study on pups and adult female northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris, Gill, 1866) on the mainland rookery at Año Nuevo State Reserve (California), an opportunity was afforded to collect fresh dead pups for parasitology and necropsy. The investigation was undertaken to delineate the causes of death of northern elephant seals recovered from Año Nuevo State Reserve. Prior to this study, there was no evidence of increased mortality or health problems on this rookery.

Evaluation of propofol as a general anesthetic agent for minor oral surgical procedure.

Nausea and vomiting following anesthesia is a distressing problem for the patient as it increases the recovery time, intensity of nursing care and delays discharge. The aim of randomized controlled single blind study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of subhypnotic doses of propofol for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in day care management of cases in oral and maxillofacial surgeries. Twenty-five patient of ASA-1 with age ranging from 12 to 40 years were scheduled for various maxillofacial surgical cases like fracture, cyst enucleation, surgical removal of 3rd molar, etc.

Comparison of rate of canine retraction into recent extraction site with and without gingival fiberotomy: a clinical study.

Aim: Retraction of maxillary canines after first premolar extractions is a very common orthodontic task in cases of crowding or for the correction of large overjet. Many studies have been done to increase the rate of retraction. The aim is to compare the rate of canine retraction into recent extraction site with and without circumferential supracrestal fiberotomy.

Impact of an international nosocomial infection control consortium multidimensional approach on central line-associated bloodstream infection rates in adult intensive care units in eight cities in India.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) multidimensional infection control approach on central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) rates in eight cities of India.

Methods: This was a prospective, before-and-after cohort study of 35650 patients hospitalized in 16 adult intensive care units of 11 hospitals. During the baseline period, outcome surveillance of CLABSI was performed, applying the definitions of the CDC/NHSN (US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/National Healthcare Safety Network).

Effectiveness of a multidimensional approach for prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia in 21 adult intensive-care units from 10 cities in India: findings of the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC).

We report on the effect of the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium's (INICC) multidimensional approach for the reduction of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in adult patients hospitalized in 21 intensive-care units (ICUs), from 14 hospitals in 10 Indian cities. A quasi-experimental study was conducted, which was divided into baseline and intervention periods. During baseline, prospective surveillance of VAP was performed applying the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/National Healthcare Safety Network definitions and INICC methods.

Hemangioma: review of literature.

Hemangiomas are tumors identifed by rapid endothelial cell proliferation in early infancy, followed by involution over time. All other abnormalities are malformations resulting from anomalous development of vascular plexuses. The malformations have a normal endothelial cell growth cycle that affects the veins, the capillaries or the lymphatics and they do not involute.

Miniscrew implants as temporary anchorage devices in orthodontics: a comprehensive review.

In recent times, the use of miniscrew implants to obtain absolute anchorage has gained momentum in clinical orthodontics as rigid anchorage modality. Miniscrew implants offers many advantages when used as temporary anchorage devices like, easy placement and removal, immediate loading, can be used in a variety of locations, provide absolute anchorage, economic and requires less patient cooperation. This makes them as a necessary treatment option in cases with critical anchorage that would have otherwise resulted in anchorage loss if treated with conventional means of anchorage.

Multimodal supervision programme to reduce catheter associated urinary tract infections and its analysis to enable focus on labour and cost effective infection control measures in a tertiary care hospital in India.

Background: Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infections (CAUTI) contribute 30%-40% of all the nosocomial infections and they are associated with substantially increased institutional death rates. A multimodal supervision program which incorporates training of the staff with respect to infection control measures can be effective in reducing the CAUTIs in hospitals.

Aim: To assess the impact of a multimodal UTI supervision program on the CAUTI rates over a year, from January 2009 to December 2009, in a tertiary care hospital in India.

Bite force measurement in mandibular parasymphyseal fractures: a preliminary clinical study.

We measured the amount of bite force generated by patients treated for parasymphyseal fractures of the mandible by open reduction and internal fixation at various predetermined time intervals. Sixty volunteers ranging from 18 to 60 years old were selected as the control group. All measurements were made on a bite force measurement device with the head in an upright position and in an unsupported natural position.

Control of multidrug resistant bacteria in a tertiary care hospital in India.

Background: The objective of this study was to assess the impact of antimicrobial stewardship programs on the multidrug resistance patterns of bacterial isolates. The study comprised an initial retrospective analysis of multidrug resistance in bacterial isolates for one year (July 2007-June 2008) followed by prospective evaluation of the impact of Antimicrobial Stewardship programs on resistance for two years and nine months (July 2008-March 2011).

Setting: A 300-bed tertiary care private hospital in Gurgaon, Haryana (India)

Methods: Study Design• July 2007 to June 2008: Resistance patterns of bacterial isolates were studied.