Subclinical inflammation and soleus muscle intramyocellular lipids in healthy Asian Indian males.

Objectives: The relationship between C-reactive protein (CRP), a marker of subclinical inflammation, and intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) content, a novel correlate of insulin resistance, has not previously been investigated.

Method And Design: We estimated IMCL content in soleus muscle in 30 healthy Asian Indian males using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H MRS), and correlated it with body mass index (BMI), measures of abdominal obesity, percentage of body fat (%BF), serum lipoproteins, fasting and post-oral glucose load serum insulin levels and other surrogate markers of insulin resistance.

Results: Soleus muscle IMCL content was significantly correlated with age (rho=0.

Functional MRI shows activation of the medial preoptic area during sleep.

Changes in the activity of the basal forebrain sleep regulating areas were studied noninvasively in conscious rats by employing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Sleep-wakefulness (S-W) stages were identified with the help of electrophysiological recordings carried out simultaneously. An increase in the signal intensity was observed in the medial preoptic area (mPOA) during sleep indicating a heightened activity of neurons in this area.

Effect of endothelin antagonist (TAK-044) on cerebral ischemic volume, oxidative stress markers and neurobehavioral parameters in the middle cerebral artery occlusion model of stroke in rats.

Stroke causes brain injury in millions of people world wide each year. Despite the enormity of problem, currently there is no established therapy, which can restore the blood flow at infracted area and also improve the neurological deficit. The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of an endothelin antagonist (TAK-044) in middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion model of acute ischemic stroke in rats.

Determination of relaxation characteristics during preacute stage of lysophosphatidyl choline-induced demyelinating lesion in rat brain: an animal model of multiple sclerosis.

Relaxation time measurements were carried out during the preacute stage of lesion progression in an animal model of demyelination created in the internal capsule (ic) area of the rat brain using lysophosphatidyl choline (LPC). T1 and T2 were determined both before and after 36 h of lesion creation. Histology carried out on the rats after MR measurements showed focal demyelinating lesion and surrounding edema with prominent infiltration of inflammatory cells.

Metabolite profile of cerebrospinal fluid in patients with spina bifida: a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study.

Study Design: The present study was carried out to assess the metabolic differences between cerebrospinal fluid samples of patients with spina bifida and age-matched control individuals.

Objectives: To study the metabolite profile of cerebrospinal fluid of patients with spina bifida using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, compare the levels of metabolites with controls, establish correlation of underlying neuronal dysfunction with metabolic changes in patients with spina bifida, and evaluate the potential use of this technique as an additional tool for diagnostic assessment.

Summary Of Background Data: Combination of embryopathy, stretching, ischemia, compression, and trauma is responsible for cord dysfunction in spina bifida.

Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and single photon emission computed tomography study of the brain in asymptomatic young hyperlipidaemic Asian Indians in North India show early abnormalities.

Objective: To evaluate brain metabolism and cerebral blood flow in young patients with hyperlipidaemia.

Patients And Methods: Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H MRS) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) of the brain was carried out in 19 asymptomatic young patients with hyperlipidaemia (mean age 32.6 +/- 6.

Biochemical characterization of metastatic lymph nodes of breast cancer patients by in vitro 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy: a pilot study.

Using one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) methods, the perchloric acid extract of involved (n = 11) and noninvolved (n = 12) axillary lymph nodes (ALN) of breast cancer patients was investigated. Resonances from 40 metabolites such as lactate (Lac), glucose, several amino acids (alanine, lysine, glutamic acid, glutamine, etc.), nucleotides (adenosine triphosphate, guanosine triphosphate, uridine triphosphate, uridine monophosphate, etc.

In vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Neuropsychiatric involvement in SLE (NP-SLE) may not be picked up by routine neuroimaging procedures like computerized tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We prospectively studied the role of single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in detection of NP-SLE in 20 patients with lupus (10 with clinical NP involvement and 10 without) and 9 healthy controls. MRI abnormalities were seen in 5/10 patients with NP-SLE while the MRI was normal in all the lupus patients without clinical NP involvement.

Biochemical characterization of muscle tissue of limb girdle muscular dystrophy: an 1H and 13C NMR study.

The metabolic differences between the muscle biopsies of patients with limb girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD) and normal controls were characterized using high-resolution 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. In all, 44 metabolites were unambiguously assigned in the perchloric acid extracts of skeletal muscle tissue, using 2D double quantum filtered (DQF COSY), total correlation (TOCSY), and 1H/13C heteronuclear multiple quantum coherence (HMQC) spectroscopy. The concentrations of glycolytic substrate, glucose (p=0.

Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy with a body coil in the diagnosis of carcinoma prostate.

We evaluate the feasibility of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H MRS) using a spine coil receiver (body coil) in the diagnosis of carcinoma prostate. Seventeen patients with biopsy-proven prostate carcinoma, five patients of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and five healthy young volunteers underwent (1)H MRS investigation. MRS was performed at 1.

Evaluation of skin tumors by magnetic resonance imaging.

In vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a powerful noninvasive technique in medical diagnosis; however, its application to analyze skin disorders is still at initial stages. To check whether MRI can be used as a noninvasive tool to analyze skin tumors, we carried out MRI of mice after treatment with benzo[a]pyrene (BP), a well known carcinogen. MRI was done on whole mice and was particularly focused on various layers and regions of interest of the skin: dermis, epidermis, and tumor.

Evaluation of Withania somnifera in a middle cerebral artery occlusion model of stroke in rats.

1. Stroke causes brain injury in millions of people worldwide each year. Despite the enormity of the problem, there is currently no approved therapy that can reduce infarct size or neurological disability.

Protective role of cyclosporine in experimental unilateral blunt testicular trauma: evaluation by 31P MR spectroscopy.

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is a useful tool to study the anatomy of the testis while 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) provides a non-invasive alternative method to demonstrate the metabolic status of testes. This study was designed to test whether the protective role of cyclosporine in experimental unilateral blunt testicular trauma (UBTT) could be assessed by 31P MRS. Male Wistar rats (n = 30) aged 20 days were randomised into group I (sham surgery), group II (UBTT) and group III (UBTT and cyclosporine for 7 days).

Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study of soleus muscle in non-obese healthy and Type 2 diabetic Asian Northern Indian males: high intramyocellular lipid content correlates with excess body fat and abdominal obesity.

Aims: Intramyocellular lipids (IMCL) appears to be important in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance. Correlation of IMCL content of soleus muscle with insulin sensitivity has been reported in the Caucasian population. In the present study, IMCL content was estimated in the soleus muscle of both non-obese healthy males and Type 2 diabetic males, and correlated with the anthropometric parameters, blood glucose, plasma lipids, and insulin resistance in Asian Indians from North India.

Stereotaxic assembly and procedures for simultaneous electrophysiological and MRI study of conscious rat.

A stereotaxic restraining assembly was designed and developed for simultaneous electrophysiological recordings and functional MRI (fMRI) data acquisition from a conscious rat. The design of the nonmagnetic stereotaxic apparatus facilitated the restraining of head and body of the unanesthetized conscious animal during MRI experiments. The apparatus was made of Teflon and Perspex materials with an appropriate size and shape for a 4.

Skeletal muscle metabolism in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD): an in-vitro proton NMR spectroscopy study.

The metabolic differences in the skeletal muscle of patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and normal subjects (controls) were investigated using in-vitro high-resolution proton NMR spectroscopy. In all, 56 metabolites were unambiguously identified in the perchloric acid extract of muscle tissue using one- and two-dimensional NMR. The concentrations of glycolytic substrate glucose (Glc; p < 0.

Role of a two-residue spacer in an alpha,beta-Didehydrophenylalanine containing hexapeptide: crystal and solution structure of Boc-val-deltaPhe-Leu-Ala-deltaPhe-Ala-OMe.

The peptide Boc-Val1-deltaPhe2-Leu3-Ala4-deltaPhe5-Ala6-OMe has been examined for the structural consequence of placing a two-residue segment between the deltaPhe residues. The peptide is stabilized by four consecutive beta-turns. The overall conformation of the molecule is a right-handed 3(10)-helix, with average (phi, psi) values (-67.

Effect of a new injectable male contraceptive on the seminal plasma amino acids studied by proton NMR spectroscopy.

Effect of RISUG, a newly developed male contraceptive, on various amino acids of seminal plasma ejaculates was studied by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 400 MHz. Levels of amino acids were compared with the seminal plasma of obstructive azoospermia and controls. Glutamic acid, glutamine, and arginine were found to be high in concentration in human seminal plasma.

Effects of unilateral grade I testicular injury in rat.

Objectives: The effect of unilateral blunt testicular trauma on subsequent testicular function is still debated. None of the experimental studies had the exact grading of testicular injury and evaluation of hormone status and hence this study was designed.

Methods: Twenty male prepubertal (20 days old) Wistar rats were divided into two groups: group 1 (n = 10) underwent sham surgery; group 2 (n = 10) underwent blunt trauma to the right testis by a 5-g sterile weight dropped three times on the testis from a height of 10 cm.

Sequential diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging study of lysophosphatidyl choline-induced experimental demyelinating lesion: an animal model of multiple sclerosis.

Purpose: To differentiate the surrounding edema from the focal demyelinating lesion during the early phase of the lesion using an apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), and to monitor the changes in ADCs during the complete progression of a lysophosphatidyl choline (LPC)-induced experimental demyelinating lesion, an animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS).

Material And Methods: Eighteen rats divided into two groups-demyelinating lesion (group I, N = 12) and vehicle group (saline injected; group II, N = 6)-were studied. A 0.

Protective effect of adenosine against neuronal injury induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats as evidenced by diffusion-weighted imaging.

In the present study, adenosine, an inhibitory neuromodulator, was studied in male Wistar rats subjected to 2 h of transient middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion. Adenosine (500 mg/kg ip) was administered twice-once at the time of MCA occlusion and again at the time of reperfusion-and evaluated for its protective effect by using diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) (30 min after reperfusion). After the DWI experiments, one group of animals was euthanized 2 h after reperfusion for the estimation of oxidative stress markers, while in another group, neurological deficit was assessed 24 h after MCA occlusion.

Sequential proton MRS study of brain metabolite changes monitored during a complete pathological cycle of demyelination and remyelination in a lysophosphatidyl choline (LPC)-induced experimental demyelinating lesion model.

Metabolite changes in rat brain internal capsule (ic) area were monitored using volume localized in vivo proton MR spectroscopy (MRS) in a lysophosphatidyl choline (LPC)-induced experimental demyelinating lesion model of multiple sclerosis (MS), during the early phase (pre-acute) as well as during the complete pathological cycle of de- and re-myelination processes. The N-acetyl aspartate (NAA) peak showed reduction during the early phase of the lesion progression (demyelination) until day 10 and increased thereafter during remyelination. However, choline (Cho) and lipid resonances showed increased signal intensity during the early phase and decreased during remyelination.

Potential of MRI and 31P MRS in the evaluation of experimental testicular trauma.

Objectives: To prognosticate and assess the metabolic status of germ cells of the testis after unilateral blunt testicular trauma using both magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). MRI is a noninvasive technique suitable for evaluating testicular trauma, and MRS is useful in assessing the metabolic status of the testis.

Methods: The right testis of 35 male prepubertal Wistar rats, aged 30 days, was explored through an inguinal incision.