Analysis of the Thickness of Ligamentum Flavum and Its Relationship With Degenerative Disc Changes at L3-4, L4-5, and L5-S1 Levels in Patients Undergoing Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the Lumbosacral Spine.

Background Low back pain (LBP) is the leading cause of disability among working-age adults, with its prevalence increasing with age and peaking in the 45-54 age group. It is common practice for clinicians to conduct advanced imaging procedures, such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) when a patient presents with LBP. The objective of this study was to measure and analyze the width of the ligamentum flavum (LF) on each side and the extent of degeneration of the disc at the L3-4, L4-5, and L5-S1 levels.

Experimental investigation on water absorption capacity of RHA-added cement concrete.

In the recent past, partial replacement of cement by rice husk ash (RHA) in concrete is a prime focus of global researchers for sustainable development in energy and environmental aspects. The present investigation aims at testing the water absorption capacity of the different types and sizes of the RHA-incorporated cement concrete. A design of experiments (DOE) was conducted using the Taguchi method to develop an L matrix to assess the individual effects of each variable.

Experimental investigation of density, viscosity, and surface tension of aqueous tetrabutylammonium-based ionic liquids.

The physical properties such as density, dynamic viscosity, and surface tension of aqueous tetrabutylammonium-based ionic liquids were measured experimentally by varying temperature (283.4 to 333.4 K) and concentration of ILs (10-50 wt%) at an interval of 10 K and 10 wt% respectively.

Experimental investigation on CO absorption and physicochemical characteristics of different carbon-loaded aqueous solvents.

The anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO) denseness in the earth's atmosphere is increasing day-to-day by combusting fossil fuels for power generation. And, it is the most important greenhouse gas (GHG) responsible for 64% of global warming. Solvent-based carbon capture gained more attention towards researchers because of its easiness to integrate with the coal-fired power plant without significant modifications.

Potential use of biomass and coal-fine waste for making briquette for sustainable energy and environment.

Biomass waste contributes 14% of the total global energy. And 15-20% of the coal-fine waste from coal mines are deposited in the rivers, ponds, etc., unused, which leads to resource wastage and environmental pollution.

Predicting the combustion behaviour of compression ignition engine fuelled with biodiesel from Stoechospermum marginatum, a macro algae.

Biodiesel is one among the recent developments in the field of renewable energy research. To enhance the combustion characteristics of compression ignition engine, industry and academicians were working towards clean and renewable energy resource. Algal biodiesel was one of the major research arenas in the recent decade of renewable energy.

Start-up, performance and optimization of a compost biofilter treating gas-phase mixture of benzene and toluene.

The performance of a compost biofilter inoculated with mixed microbial consortium was optimized for treating a gas-phase mixture of benzene and toluene. The biofilter was acclimated to these VOCs for a period of ∼18d. The effects of concentration and flow rate on the removal efficiency (RE) and elimination capacity (EC) were investigated by varying the inlet concentration of benzene (0.

Reliability, agreement, and validity of digital weighing scale with MatScan in limb load measurement.

Limb loading measurements serve as an objective evaluation of asymmetrical weight bearing in the lower limb. Digital weighing scales (DWSs) could be used in clinical settings for measurement of static limb loading. However, ambiguity exists whether limb loading measurements of DWSs are comparable with a standard tool such as MatScan.

Enhancement of oxygen mass transfer and gas holdup using palm oil in stirred tank bioreactors with xanthan solutions as simulated viscous fermentation broths.

Volumetric mass transfer coefficient (kLa) is an important parameter in bioreactors handling viscous fermentations such as xanthan gum production, as it affects the reactor performance and productivity. Published literatures showed that adding an organic phase such as hydrocarbons or vegetable oil could increase the kLa. The present study opted for palm oil as the organic phase as it is plentiful in Malaysia.