Comparative transcriptomics of a generalist aphid, and a specialist aphid, reveals molecular signatures associated with diversity of their feeding behaviour and other attributes.

Introduction: Aphids are phloem sap-sucking insects and are a serious destructive pest of several crop plants. Aphids are categorized as "generalists" or "specialists" depending on their host range. (Sulz.

De Novo Transcriptome Profiling of Mustard Aphid () and Differential Expression of Transcripts Associated with Feeding and Non-Feeding Conditions and Developmental Stages.

is a specialist aphid of the Indian subcontinent that causes significant yield losses in oilseed Brassicas. Several aphid genes have been used as preferred targets in RNAi-based transgenic plants for aphid resistance. In order to enhance the repertoire of potential target genes for aphid control and to identify the genes associated with aphid feeding and development, we performed a two-way comparative study of differential gene expression profiles between (i) feeding and non-feeding adults and (ii) adult and nymph developmental stages of De novo RNA-seq of aphids using Illumina technology generated a final transcriptome comprising 52,652 transcripts.

Medications for alcohol-use disorder and follow-up after hospitalization for alcohol withdrawal: A multicenter study.

Background: Alcohol withdrawal is a common reason for admission to acute care hospitals. Prescription of medications for alcohol-use disorder (AUD) and close outpatient follow-up are commonly recommended, but few studies report their effects on postdischarge outcomes.

Objectives: The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of medications for AUD and follow-up appointments on readmission and abstinence.

Use of hydroponics-based evaluation for phenotyping tolerance/susceptibility to the aphid, and inheritance analysis of aphid tolerance in a global germplasm collection of L. (Safflower).

Unlabelled: L. (Safflower) is an important oilseed crop that is cultivated globally. Aphids are a serious pest of safflower and cause significant yield losses of up to 80% due to their ability to multiply rapidly by parthenogenesis.

Improving assay feasibility and biocompatibility of 3D cyclic olefin copolymer microwells by superhydrophilic modification via ultrasonic spray deposition of polyvinyl alcohol.

Sample partitioning is a crucial step towards digitization of biological assays on polymer microfluidic platforms. However, effective liquid filling into microwells and long-term hydrophilicity remain a challenge in polymeric microfluidic devices, impeding the applicability in diagnostic and cell culture studies. To overcome this, a method to produce permanent superhydrophilic 3-dimensional microwells using cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) microfluidic chips is presented.

Toward Defect-Free Nanoimprinting.

Nanoimprinting large-area structures, especially high-density features like meta lenses, poses challenges in achieving defect-free nanopatterns. Conventional high-resolution molds for nanoimprinting are often expensive, typically constructed from inorganic materials such as silicon, nickel (Ni), or quartz. Unfortunately, replicated nanostructures frequently suffer from breakage or a lack of definition during demolding due to the high adhesion and friction at the polymer-mold interface.

Sex-specific regulation of the cortical transcriptome in response to sleep deprivation.

Multiple studies have documented sex differences in sleep behaviour, however, the molecular determinants of such differences remain unknown. Furthermore, most studies addressing molecular mechanisms have been performed only in males, leaving the current state of knowledge biased towards the male sex. To address this, we studied the differences in the transcriptome of the cerebral cortex of male and female C57Bl/6 J mice after 6 h of sleep deprivation.

Contemporary Management and Outcomes of Veterans Hospitalized With Alcohol Withdrawal: A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study.

Objectives: Few studies describe contemporary alcohol withdrawal management in hospitalized settings or review current practices considering the guidelines by the American Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM).

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients hospitalized with alcohol withdrawal on medical or surgical wards in 19 Veteran Health Administration (VHA) hospitals between October 1, 2018, and September 30, 2019. Demographic and comorbidity data were obtained from the Veteran Health Administration Corporate Data Warehouse.

A Multicenter Observational Study Comparing Virtual with In-Person Morning Reports during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Objectives: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic disrupted how educational conferences were delivered, leaving programs to choose between in-person and virtual morning report formats. The objective of our study was to describe morning reports during the COVID-19 pandemic, including the use of virtual formats, attendance, leadership, and content.

Methods: A prospective observational study of morning reports was conducted at 13 Internal Medicine residency programs between September 1, 2020 and March 30, 2021, including a follow-up survey of current morning report format in January 2023.

Inhibition of salt inducible kinases reduces rhythmic HIV-1 replication and reactivation from latency.

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) causes a major burden on global health, and eradication of latent virus infection is one of the biggest challenges in the field. The circadian clock is an endogenous timing system that oscillates with a ~24 h period regulating multiple physiological processes and cellular functions, and we recently reported that the cell intrinsic clock regulates rhythmic HIV-1 replication. Salt inducible kinases (SIK) contribute to circadian regulatory networks, however, there is limited evidence for SIKs regulating HIV-1 infection.

The genome displays differential chromatin accessibility.

Whilst the regulation of chromatin accessibility and its effect on gene expression have been well studied in eukaryotic species, the role of chromatin dynamics and 3D organisation in genome reduced bacteria remains poorly understood [1,2]. In this study we profiled the accessibility of the genome, these data were collected fortuitously as part of an experiment where ATAC-Seq was conducted on contaminated mammalian cells. We found a differential and highly reproducible chromatin accessibility landscape, with regions of increased accessibility corresponding to genes important for the bacteria's life cycle and infectivity.

UV-Assisted Hyperbranched Poly(β-amino ester) Modification of a Silica Membrane for Two-Step Microfluidic DNA Extraction from Blood.

Integrating nucleic acid extraction in amplification-based point-of-care diagnostics will be a significant feature for next-generation point-of-care virus detection devices. However, extracting DNA efficiently on a microfluidic chip poses many technological and commercialization challenges, including manual steps, multiple instruments, pretreatment processes, and the use of organic solvents (ethanol, IPA) that inhibit detection, which is not viable with routine testing such as viral load monitoring of transplant patients for post-operative care. This paper presents a microfluidic system capable of two-step DNA extraction from blood using a UV-assisted hyperbranched poly(β-amino ester) (HPAE)-modified silica membrane for cytomegalovirus (CMV) detection in a rapid and instrument-free manner without the presence of amplification inhibitors.

What internal medicine attendings talk about at morning report: a multicenter study.

Background: Morning report is a core educational activity in internal medicine resident education. Attending physicians regularly participate in morning report and influence the learning environment, though no previous study has described the contribution of attending physicians to this conference. This study aims to describe attending comments at internal medicine morning reports.

The multiple roles of salt-inducible kinases in regulating physiology.

Salt-inducible kinases (SIKs), which comprise a family of three homologous serine-threonine kinases, were first described for their role in sodium sensing but have since been shown to regulate multiple aspects of physiology. These kinases are activated or deactivated in response to extracellular signals that are cell surface receptor mediated and go on to phosphorylate multiple targets including the transcription cofactors CRTC1-3 and the class IIa histone deacetylases (HDACs). Thus, the SIK family conveys signals about the cellular environment to reprogram transcriptional and posttranscriptional processes in response.

The regulation of circadian entrainment in mice by the adenosine the receptor antagonist CT1500.

Circadian entrainment in mice relies primarily on photic cues that trigger the transcription of the core clock genes in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), thus aligning the phase of the clock with the dawn/dusk cycle. It has been shown previously that this pathway is directly regulated by adenosine signalling and that adenosine A/A receptor antagonists can both enhance photic entrainment and phase shift circadian rhythms of wheel-running behaviour in mice. In this study, we tested the ability of CT1500, a clinically safe adenosine A/A receptor antagonist to effect circadian entrainment.

Sleep and circadian rhythm disruption alters the lung transcriptome to predispose to viral infection.

Sleep and circadian rhythm disruption (SCRD), as encountered during shift work, increases the risk of respiratory viral infection including SARS-CoV-2. However, the mechanism(s) underpinning higher rates of respiratory viral infection following SCRD remain poorly characterized. To address this, we investigated the effects of acute sleep deprivation on the mouse lung transcriptome.

The cognitive apprenticeship: advancing reasoning education by thinking aloud.

Teaching clinical reasoning has long challenged educators because it requires familiarity with reasoning concepts, experience with describing thinking, and comfort with exposing uncertainty and error. We propose that teachers adopt the cognitive apprenticeship model and a method of disclosing uncertainty known as intellectual streaking. These approaches reflect a shift in the educator's mindset from transmitting medical knowledge to broadcasting cognition.

A Comparative Study of Scripted versus Unscripted Morning Reports: Results from a Prospective Multicenter Study.

Objectives: Morning report is one of the central activities of internal medicine residency education. The two most common morning report formats are scripted reports, which use preselected cases with prepared didactics, and unscripted reports in which a case is discussed without preparation. No previous study has compared these two formats.

Long-read-based draft genome sequence of Indian black gram IPU-94-1 'Uttara': Insights into disease resistance and seed storage protein genes.

Black gram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper var. mungo] is a warm-season legume highly prized for its protein content along with significant folate and iron proportions.

Clinical and videourodynamic study characteristics in female primary bladder neck obstruction and outcomes of bladder neck resection: A tertiary care center experience in India.

Introduction: Video urodynamic study (VUDS) with clinical correlation helps in diagnosing primary bladder neck obstruction (PBNO) in women. Bladder neck incision/bladder neck resection (BNR) though effective is not commonly practiced for the fear of complications and limited literature available.

Methods: The records of ten women diagnosed with PBNO between 2017 and 2019 were reviewed and data pertaining to their clinical features, laboratory results, findings on abdominal ultrasonography, uroflowmetry, and VUDS was noted.

"Labia Majora Fasciocutaneous Flap Reconstruction in Complex Urogynecological Fistulas With Vaginal Deficit - A Versatile Approach".

Objective: To appraise the pivotal points of different modifications of labia majora fasciocutaneous flap in combating the challenges of complex urogynecological fistula repair in the form of 7 cases.

Methods: Seven patients with complex urogynecological fistulas with vaginal deficit were treated over last 3 years. The challenges associated with them were non-capacious rigid vagina, irradiated and inflamed surrounding tissues, inelasticity, long-standing fistula with radiation-induced vesicovaginal fistula(VVF), an iatrogenic urethrovaginal fistula with anterior vaginal wall loss with vaginal stenosis, and a case of vesicolabial fistula with a history of forceps delivery and transvaginal VVF repair.