Early Cardiac Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: Interactions of Autophagy with Galectin-3 and Oxidative Stress.

: Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide, including the United Arab Emirates. Ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury results in the death of cardiac myocytes that were viable immediately before myocardial reperfusion. We aim to investigate the role of galectin-3 (Gal-3) in autophagy during ischemia-reperfusion injuries.

Impact of the local renin-angiotensin system in perivascular adipose tissue on vascular health and disease.

Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is found locally around blood vessels. It has the ability to release vasoactive chemicals, such as factors that relax and contract blood vessels. PVAT is now recognized as an endocrine organ with metabolic activity and as a "protagonist" for maintaining vascular homeostasis.

Game-changing breakthroughs to redefine the landscape of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in health and disease.

Novel perspectives on the role of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) offer a groundbreaking understanding of the system's role in health and illness. Our understanding of the role of the RAAS in several diseases, such as heart failure, hypertension, metabolic disorders, and chronic renal disease, has been broadened by recent studies. Specific variations in RAAS pathways can affect the course of disease and response to treatment, as shown by genetic and molecular research.

The art and science of research methodology, biostatistics, manuscript writing, and publication ethics: An invigorating training for improving research aptitudes in southern Indian biomedical institutions.

The basic concepts of research are learned through systematic literature searches which form the basis of a research statement and research topic. Then the research question, hypothesis, aim, and objectives, as well as the experimental design, are developed. Given the context provided, the primary focus is on the importance of adequately training postgraduates and young research investigators in research methodology and project development.

Galectin-3 and Autophagy in Renal Acute Tubular Necrosis.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a public health burden with increasing morbidity and mortality rates and health care costs. Acute tubular necrosis (ATN) is the most common cause of AKI. Cisplatin (CIS) is a platinum-based chemotherapeutic agent used in the treatment of a wide variety of malignancies such as lung, breast, ovary, testis, bladder, cervix, and head and neck cancers.

Blast wave pressure measurement and analysis in air and granular media inside a shock tube using a fiber Bragg grating sensor.

In this work, we have demonstrated the use of a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor to measure the pressure profile of blast waves generated inside a vertical shock tube (VST). An FBG pressure sensor probe has been designed and developed that can be incorporated into the wall of the VST. The VST facility is used to generate blast waves with decay times of the order of a few milliseconds to simulate explosive events.

Galectin-3 Mitigates Cardiomyocytes Injury through Modulation of Left Ventricular Cathepsins B, D, L and S at 24-Hour Post Myocardial Infarction.

Background/aims: Galectin 3 (GAL-3) is a beta galactoside binding lectin that has different roles in normal and pathophysiological conditions. GAL-3 was found to be up regulated in animal models of myocardial infarction (MI). Cathepsins are intracellular lysosomal proteases that degrade proteins.

Dysregulation of the renin-angiotensin system in septic shock: Mechanistic insights and application of angiotensin II in clinical management.

Synergistic physiologic mechanisms involving the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), the sympathetic nervous system, and the arginine-vasopressin system play an integral role in blood pressure homeostasis. A subset of patients with sepsis experience septic shock with attendant circulatory, cellular, and metabolic abnormalities. Septic shock is associated with increased mortality because of an inadequacy to maintain mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) despite volume resuscitation and the use of vasopressors.

The physiologic and physiopathologic roles of perivascular adipose tissue and its interactions with blood vessels and the renin-angiotensin system.

The perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) refers to an ectopic local deposit of connective tissue that anatomically surrounds most of the blood vessels. While it was initially known only as a structural support for vasculature, the landmark findings of Soltis and Cassis (1991), first demonstrating that PVAT reduces the contractions of norepinephrine in the isolated rat aorta, brought the potential vascular role of PVAT into the limelight. This seminal work implied the potential ability of PVAT to influence vascular responsiveness.

Galectin-3 Possesses Anti-Necroptotic and Anti-Apoptotic Effects in Cisplatin-Induced Acute Tubular Necrosis.

Background/aims: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a public health burden with increasing morbidity, mortality and health care cost. It is associated with increased risk for the development of chronic kidney disease and death. Acute tubular necrosis (ATN) is the most common cause of AKI.

Shock Processing of Amino Acids Leading to Complex Structures-Implications to the Origin of Life.

The building blocks of life, amino acids, are believed to have been synthesized in the extreme conditions that prevail in space, starting from simple molecules containing hydrogen, carbon, oxygen and nitrogen. However, the fate and role of amino acids when they are subjected to similar processes largely remain unexplored. Here we report, for the first time, that shock processed amino acids tend to form complex agglomerate structures.

Drugs targeting various stages of the SARS-CoV-2 life cycle: Exploring promising drugs for the treatment of Covid-19.

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus that causes the potentially lethal Covid-19 respiratory tract infection. It does so by binding to host cell angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors, leading to endocytosis with the receptor, and subsequently using the host cell's machinery to replicate copies of itself and invade new cells. The extent of the spread of infection in the body is dependent on the pattern of ACE2 expression and overreaction of the immune system.

Galectin-3: A Cardiomyocyte Antiapoptotic Mediator at 24-Hour Post Myocardial Infarction.

Background/aims: Galectin 3 (GAL-3) is a beta galactoside binding lectin that has different roles in normal and pathophysiological conditions. GAL-3 has been associated with heart failure and was linked to increased risk of death in a number of studies. GAL-3 was found to be up regulated in animal models of heart failure as well as myocardial infarction (MI).

Spatially resolved solid-phase temperature characterization in a sillimanite tube furnace using a broadband two-color ratio pyrometry.

Tube furnaces are heating devices used for the synthesis of inorganic and organic compounds. It is essential to predict the spatially resolved temperature of solid substances placed inside tube furnaces in contact with its walls for a fixed steady temperature of the furnace walls. This enables efficient study of transport phenomena and control of the fabrication process in the furnace.

A potential role of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition-induced renal abnormalities: Mechanisms and therapeutic implications.

Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an orchestrated event where epithelial cells progressively undergo biochemical changes and transition into mesenchymal-like cells by gradually losing their epithelial characteristics. EMT plays a crucial pathologic role in renal abnormalities, especially renal fibrosis. A number of bench studies suggest the potential involvement of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in renal EMT process and associated renal abnormalities.

Correction to: FDA Approval of Angiotensin II for the Treatment of Hypotension in Adults with Distributive Shock.

The author name that previously read.

FDA Approval of Angiotensin II for the Treatment of Hypotension in Adults with Distributive Shock.

Distributive shock is a subset of shock marked by decreased systemic vascular resistance, organ hypoperfusion and altered oxygen extraction. Despite the use of intravenous fluids and either higher dose of catecholamines or other additional exogenous vasopressors to maintain blood pressure in the target range, the rate of mortality remains higher in patients with septic shock. Therefore, there is clearly an unmet need for additional safe and effective treatments.

Effect of noise-induced wavelength fluctuation in tunable diode lasers on narrow-linewidth absorption measurements.

Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy is being widely used to make sensors for diagnostic purposes in various engineering applications. Since the wavelength of many diode lasers used in such sensors is sensitive to the driving current, even noise as small as a few μA in the driving current can cause a wavelength fluctuation of ∼±0.5  pm, which is large enough to interfere with sensitive absorption measurements.

Temperature characterization of a radiating gas layer using digital-single-lens-reflex-camera-based two-color ratio pyrometry.

The two-color ratio pyrometry technique using a digital single-lens reflex camera has been used to measure the time-averaged and path-integrated temperature distribution in the radiating shock layer in a high-enthalpy flow. A 70 mm diameter cylindrical body with a 70 mm long spike was placed in a hypersonic shock tunnel, and the region behind the shock layer was investigated. The systematic error due to contributions from line emissions was corrected by monitoring the emission spectrum from this region using a spectrometer.

Regulatory Forum Review*: Utility of in Vitro Secondary Pharmacology Data to Assess Risk of Drug-induced Valvular Heart Disease in Humans: Regulatory Considerations.

Drug-induced valvular heart disease (VHD) is a serious side effect linked to long-term treatment with 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 2B (5-HT) agonists. Safety assessment for off-target pharmacodynamic activity is a common approach used to screen drugs for this undesired property. Such studies include in vitro assays to determine whether the drug is a 5-HT agonist, a necessary pharmacological property for development of VHD.

The long terminal repeat negative control region is a critical element for insertional oncogenesis after gene transfer into hematopoietic progenitors with Moloney murine leukemia viral vectors.

Integrating vectors based on γ-retroviruses and containing full-length long terminal repeats (LTRs) have been associated with activation of oncogene expression and leukemogenesis in human gene therapy trials. Identification of the specific molecular elements of the LTRs that have a role in insertional oncogenesis events is important as it can lead to the development of safer gene transfer vectors. The negative control region (NCR) of the LTR is a particularly well-conserved sequence among mammalian γ-retroviruses with demonstrated regulatory activity of gene transcription in hematopoietic cells, which led us to hypothesize that this region may have a role in insertional oncogenesis after γ-retroviral vector (GV)-mediated gene transfer into hematopoietic progenitors.